The Modernization of America Essay -- essays papers

The Modernization of AmericaThe Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869. The surround was invented in 1876. The first practical system for a radio was developed in 1895. The Wright brothers created a flying machine in 1903. The first gas power automobile, the assembly line and the refrigerator were produced in the early 20th century. These are all very important steps in laying the foundation for the modernization of America, but I would argue that the first truly modern period in American history would have to be the 1920s.The 1920s brought a free-enterprise(prenominal) population who, as a nation, leaned toward isolationism. In two main fields, the 1920s modernized American society to reflect the America of the 21st century more than any era before it. These fields are media and business.Along with a naked decade came a new attitude from the media. By 1922 there were 22 magazines in circulation and by the end of the 1920s, 40% of Americans owned a radio. The f irst tabloid magazine appeared in 1919. The media that we know today spawned from this growth in the 20s. This new type of mass media permitted the spreading of national trends or obsessions, such as flagpole sitting. A 21st century equivalent to this type of rather quaint behavior of national trends could be the Christmas Tickle me Elmo or Furby craze over the last few years. The national connection that the mass media provided also allowed for fashion to accommodate important and for heroes in th...

A Soldier :: essays research papers

As I sat and thought about what would catch and hold a reader by the nose, an old picture on the wall distracted me. Its not much of a picture, just a group of guys at work in a rather desolate place. This picture has rather special meaning to me, and carries with it a whole assortment of memories. The unknown is always worse then the known. Dont listen to rumors or try to imagine what its like here. This is a modern sophisticated, highly technical, well-planned fight. One I am sure I will re writhe safely from. This war is not what is seen on television or talked about sitting at your favorite watering hole. This is a war that must be fought here and now, not based on past victories or failures. This truly is a war unlike any ever fought, yet a fight the world cannot turn away or hide from.We are here to insure the right of people to live in peace without fear of a more hawkish nation stripping the thin veneer of civilization away from them. A veneer that has been carefully nurtu red for thousands of years to protect us from our more primitive instincts and ourselves. The rights and freedoms of inculpable people have been infringed upon and the world..no, I cannot turn my head and walk away.Yes, my chosen profession is that of a soldier. A soldier by definition trains to be happy in war and in the ability to cause destruction in the most efficient way possible. Perhaps this is why the soldier is also the unrivalled who most hates war and fighting. It is he who must carry the burden, endure the hardships, the pain, and the anguish of being the bringer of destruction.This same soldier who after months of living in a remote environment, surviving the manmade hell of a modern battlefield can often be seen giving food or perhaps his last bit of hoarded coffee to a small child. A child that has also survived the horror of war. Yet, I go forward in the morning with a light heart. Knowing that what I feel is shared by thousands of other soldiers. These same sol diers that I may be asked to kill in a matter of a few days. For post of a soldier is the bond or link that exists between themselves. For these professionals know each other by sight.

Essay --

1. Name of the systemHRMIS is stands for Human Resources Management Information System. 2.Summary of the system to be developedHRMIS is system that will be ontogenesis to assist an employees record management in Human Resources Department and Finance Department. This system will help both department to collaborate in the making of finalize report which it been demand in the end of the month or year. This system will retrieve all the activity that contains of employee activities either lively or non-active records such as for HR Department they consists a report attendance for KPI (key performance indicator), leave, mc, pensions training and for Finance Department information like staffings salary. So, using this system where it is built using an intranet where staff from this two department can attach and update the information at the metadata directly whereby it making the information currency. Besides that, they can monitor all the activities that related to the employee among themselves. This system contains a metadata that can be a key to the employee. So the inf...

The Fate of the True Woman in The Blithedale Romance Essay -- Blitheda

  The Fate of the avowedly Woman in The Blithedale Romance         The pistillate characters in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Blithedale Romance, Zenobia and Priscilla, differ in their representations of womanhood. Zenobia begins as an independent character, whom later surrenders to Hollingsworths control, whereas Priscilla is forever submissive to his desires. This determines how the male characters, Coverdale and Hollingsworth, view both women. Coverdale and Hollingsworth are first enamored by Zenobias charm, but both fall for Priscillas docility. Zenobia represents female independence and Priscilla embodies feminine subservience the triumph of Priscilla casts the male vote in this novel unanimously for obedient women. Hollingsworth describes the True Woman She is the most admirable handiwork of God, in her true place and character. Her place is at mans side . . . All the separate action of woman is, and ever has been, and always shall be, false, fo olish, vain, destructive of her own best and holiest qualities, void of e rattling good effect, and productive of intolerable mischiefs sic . . . The heart of true womanhood knows where its own sphere is, and never seeks to stray beyond it (Hawthorne 122-3). Zenobia falls short of Hollingsworths definition of the True Woman. In the beginning of the novel, she is noted for being an intellectual, a writer. Such separate action as thinking and writing surely offends the True Womanhood. This betrayal reaches its pinnacle at Eliots Pulpit, where she vows to speak in behalf of womans wider liberty (Hawthorne 120). It is here that Hollingsworth describes the True Woman whom Zenobia is so very unlike. Priscilla, however, is the epito... ...sible ever to redeem them? (Hawthorne 124). However, by falling for Priscilla, a True Woman, he perpetuates the degradation of woman through the ideal of True Womanhood. Zenobias failure to submit amply to the ideal of True Woman condemns her to unha ppiness. Everything had failed her-prosperity, in the worlds sense, for her opulence was gone-the hearts prosperity, in love (Hawthorne 239). According to Coverdale, herself, and much of society, there was nothing left for her to do but die. Priscilla, although a True Woman, is also doomed to such a fate. Zenobia laments Priscillas fate, ...you have a melancholy lot before you, sitting all alone in that wide, grim heart, where . . . the fire which you have kindled may soon go out (Hawthorne 220). Therefore, it appears that a woman of this time, True or otherwise, was condemned to a life of misery.  

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin Moliere :: Papers

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin MoliereIn the neoclassical comedy Tartuffe, written by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin Moliere,Tartuffe is illustrated as a disreputable character who has posed as a religious ascetic. Orgon, the master of the house, is convinced Tartuffe is a humble and pious man despitethe last out of his families claims. Yet, in Act IV, scene seven the impostor Tartuffe is finallyexposed for the fraud he really is.ACT IVScene 7Tartuffe, Elmire, OrgonTARTUFFE Not see ORGONMadam, all things postulate worked out to perfectionIve given the neighboring rooms a full inspectionNo ones virtually and now I may at last...ORGON Intercepting him Hold on, my passionate fellow, not so fastI should advise a little more restraint.Well, so you thought youd fool me, my dear saintHow soon you wearied of the saintly life-Wedding my daughter, and coveting my wifeIve long suspected you, and had a savourThat soon Id catch you at your double dealing.Just now, youve given me evidence g aloreIts quite enough I have no wish for more.ELMIRE to TARTUFFE Im sorry to have treated you so slyly,but circumstances forced me to be wily.TARTUFFE Brother, you cant think...ORGON No more talk from youJust leave this household, without more ado.TARTUFFE What I intended...ORGON That seems fairly clear.Spare me your falsehoods and get out of here.TARTUFFE No, Im the master, and youre the one to goThis house belongs to me, Ill have you know,And I shall show you that you cant hurt meBy this contemptible conspiracy,That those who cross me know not what they do,And that Ive mode to expose and punish you,Avenge offended Heaven, and make you grieveThat ever you dared order me to leave.Scene seven of ACT IV represents the climax and drastic criminal of events, whereTartuffe is unmasked then once again gains the upperhand as the new master of the house. In previous scenes, Tartuffe had been acquitted by Orgon of being anything short of aSaint. The family had grown pall of Orgons blindness and Elmire had prepared for the

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin Moliere :: Papers

Tartuffe by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin MoliereIn the neoclassical comedy Tartuffe, written by Jean-Baptiste Polquelin Moliere,Tartuffe is illustrated as a disreputable character who has constitute as a religious ascetic. Orgon, the master of the house, is convinced Tartuffe is a humble and pious man despitethe rest of his families claims. Yet, in Act IV, scene septenary the impostor Tartuffe is finallyexposed for the fraud he really is.ACT IVScene 7Tartuffe, Elmire, OrgonTARTUFFE Not seeing ORGONMadam, all things have worked out to perfectionIve given the neighboring rooms a full inspectionNo ones about and now I may at last...ORGON Intercepting him Hold on, my passionate fellow, not so fastI should advise a little more restraint.Well, so you thought youd fool me, my pricy saintHow soon you wearied of the saintly life-Wedding my daughter, and coveting my wifeIve long suspected you, and had a feelingThat soon Id ginger snap you at your double dealing.Just now, youve given me evide nce galoreIts quite enough I have no wish for more.ELMIRE to TARTUFFE Im sorry to have treated you so slyly,but circumstances forced me to be wily.TARTUFFE Brother, you cant think...ORGON No more talk from youJust pull out this household, without more ado.TARTUFFE What I intended...ORGON That seems fairly clear.Spare me your falsehoods and get out of here.TARTUFFE No, Im the master, and youre the one to goThis house belongs to me, Ill have you know,And I shall show you that you cant hurt meBy this contemptible conspiracy,That those who cross me know not what they do,And that Ive means to expose and punish you,Avenge offend Heaven, and make you grieveThat ever you dared order me to leave.Scene seven of ACT IV represents the climax and drastic turn of events, whereTartuffe is unmasked then once again gains the upperhand as the new master of the house. In previous scenes, Tartuffe had been acquitted by Org on of being anything short of aSaint. The family had grown tired of Orgons blindness and Elmire had prepared for the

Share Capital

? SHARE CAPITAL treat capital of the United States is the Funds raised by habitualize theatrical roles in pop off for cash or a nonher(prenominal) considerations. The occur of sh ar capital a telephoner has can change eitherwhere cadence beca usance each time a business sells new sh ars to the public in replacement for cash, the amount of office capital leave increase. Shargon capital can be composed of both common and preferred piece of grounds. Each sh ar carrying a vote in the management of the business, managerial control may be limited. The authorized capital of a fel offsetship is the maximum amount of sh be capital that the society is authorized by its constitutional documents to make love to shareowners.Issued Capital is the fall upon to be of the shares issued to shareholders. This means the nominal shelter of the shares or else than their actual worth. The amount of issued capital cannot exceed the mount of the authorized capital. Types of Share Capi tal- Redeemable Shares Ownership shares that the put come in business may repurchase. whatever redeemable shares are mandatorily redeemable and must be repurchased by the issuer on a particular date or on the occurrence of a specified event, such(prenominal) as the death of an owner. Preference SharesPreference shares differ from ordinary shares in giving the holder preferential rights to receive a share of one- category profits. An ordinary dividend cannot be compensable unless all druthers dividends due confound been paid in complete. Preference shares are also naughtyer in the creditor hierarchy than ordinary shares, and have a preferential right to receive the proceeds of disposal of the assets in the event of a community going into liquidation. They are whence less bumpy than ordinary shares, even though they are legally share capital as well. at that place are three further types of appreciation shares-Participating gustatory sensation shares Preference shares which, in addition to fixing a specified dividend, entitle preference shareholders to participate in receiving an additional dividend if ordinary shareholders are paid a dividend above a stated amount. Convertible preference shares A preference share that can be converted into common shares at aset change price. A caller may issue them to pay a major eruditenesss without increasing the communitys gearing or diluting the EPS of the ordinary shares. Redeemable preference sharesA preference share which must be bought back by the ships society at an agreed date and for an agreed price Deferred Shares A share that does not have any rights to the assets of a friendship undergoing deposeruptcy until all common and preferred shareholders are paid. Where it exits, it pull up stakes rank behind all other shares for dividend. Non-voting Shares A share which equity that does not have a vote, even though it is entitled to a share of the profits. The boundary is not unremarkably a pplied to preference shares, although preference share do not have votes, they receive a frozen dividend.Retained profit- Retained profit is the profit kept in the fraternity rather than paid out to shareholders as a dividend. Retained profit is widely regarded as the most important long-term fount of finance for a business. Dividend payable- The amount of dividends which have been declared by a play alongs board of directors and which are obligated to be paid to shareholders. If the dividend yield falls, consequently the share becomes less attractive compared to other investitures, demand for it will fall, and supply will increase as investors wish to sell. News written report information on share-Many of the broadsheet write ups include a section showing security prices and related information including the highest and lowest prices during the year the closing price the previous sidereal day the change in price over the previous trading day dividends net of tax dividend co ver gross yield and the P/E ratio. Share categories- Shares are categorized according to the company type and trading frequency ? Alphas These are the shares of the most prestigious companies which are generally heavily traded and dealt in by a crowing make sense of market-makers. Prices are posted immediately on SEAQ ? BetasThese are also large company securities, but they are not as heavily traded as alphas. They must have at least four market-makers dealing in them and prices quoted on SEAQ are those at which mansion deals can be made. ?Gamma These securities are traded lessfrequently than betas and the prices quoted for them are merely indicative. ?Deltas These are the least traded of all and no prices are actually shown, simply indications of a dealers disport. Penny shares- Penny shares are shares which have a very low value with the agitate or offer spread of such shares exceeding 10% of their market value.Investors debauch such shares in the hope that the market has un dervalued their prospects and that they will make a pregnant profit when the price recovers. Methods of issuing shares- One way in which a rigid can expand is to issue additional equity usually on the main Stock Exchange or second-tier market, either by a quoted company issuing additional shares or by an unquoted company obtaining a quotation. An unquoted company may also wish to issue shares without being floated. Placing or Selective merchandisings-This method is often used for a company wishing to be floated for the first time and to issue a pure issue, or by a quoted company wishing to raise additional finance. It involves securities acquisition by a market-maker so that they can be purchased by a small number of investors. Offer For sale. This is where the company which is issuing the shares will offer the shares to an issuing house. Generally a merchant bank will act as an issuing house. The shares bought over by the issuing house will be re issued to the general public.Un der this method the company which is issuing the shares can make use of the monetary force out and the image of the issuing house to make. Normally the shares are offered at a glacial price determined by the companys directors and their financial advisers. This is usually undertaken by the organization who is offering for the first time and a large issue. This is also known as public offer. The issue price should be low enough to be attractive to emf investors, but high enough to allow the compulsory finance to be raised without the issue of more shares than necessary. PlacingThis is where the company which is carrying out the share issue will select large institutional investors and offer the shares by conducting road shows. A road show is where the company will conduct a presentation to educate the selected investors about the share issue. This will be a low cost method of issuing the shares. Some of the institutional investors who will be interested in the share issue will include pension memorys, unit trusts, venture capital organizations, building societies. The shares are issued at a fixed price to a number of institutional investors who are approached by the broker forward the issue takes place.Instead of engaging in advertising to the population at large, the sponsor or broker handling the issue sells the shares to its own private clients. The be of this method are considerably lower than those of an offer for sale. There are lower publicity costs and legal costs. A drawback of this method is that the spread of shareholders isgoing to be more limited. Sale by tender This is where the company which is issuing the shares will call upon the investors to bid the price at which they are willing to buy the shares.Therefore each individual investor will indicate the quantity of shares they expect to buy and price they are willing to pay. The company should decide upon a price at which all the shares can be issued and collect the highest possible rev enue. This price will be called the strike price. Investors who bid a price above this will be allocated shares at the strike price not at the price of their bid. Those who bid below the strike price will not receive any shares. This method is useful in situations where it is very ifficult to value a company, for instance, where there is no comparable company already listed or where the direct of demand may be difficult to assess. It is more costly to administer and many investors will be put off by being handed the onerous task of estimating the shares value. Short Term Finance- Securitization- The process through which an issuer creates a financial instrument by combining other financial assets and then marketing opposite tiers of the repackaged instruments to investors. The process can encompass any type of financial asset and promotes liquid in the marketplaceRight issue The term right issue is applied to the system of issuing shares to existing shareholders usually at a sn ub from the market price in order to raise further capital from existing shareholders. The offer must be on a right bag in proportion to the members existing holding as a fraction of holdings of all members eligible to receive the offer. The rights of shareholders to buy the rights are known as pre-emptive rights. unhurriedness of issue price. This is the amount that company wishes to raise from the issue divided by the number of new shares.It is important to issue a sufficient number of shares so that the issue price is below current market price. Calculation of price afterwards issue ?Ex right price ?Actual price after issue At current earnings At lower earnings At higher earnings Values of rights The value is the difference between the price of the right shares and the ex-right shares. Other methods ?Subscription offers An offer for subscription is an invitation to the public by or on the behalf of an issuer to subscribe for securities not yet issued or allotted. ?Prospectus i ssueIf reasonably substantial the company might make an issue direct to the public with the absolute minimum of assistance from the outside source. It is rather unusual be begin of the complexity of the nature of the capital issue. ?Stock exchange introduction This is the introduction of the shares on the stock exchange so that a quotation can be fixed, rather than the issue of shares. ? single-valued function of underwriters Under writers agree to purchase any securities not taken up at the issue price and will charge a fixed panorama for their service. Use of underwriters removes the risk of share issue being under subscribed. Open offers This is an offer to existing shareholders to subscribe for securities. Whether or not pro rata to their existing shareholders. They are not allotted through the issue of renounceable documents. ?Vendor share scheme or placing Where a vendor prefers cash to shares issued to finance an acquisition by a purchaser, an issuing house can place the sec urities with clients for cash. ?Exchanges and conversions This is the process used to replace one security with another. E. g. a vendor consideration issue or paper issue used in a merger or takeover bid. Employee share schemes Such employees are often used as incentives, e. g. share pick schemes which give certain employees the chance to purchase shares in the company at a price determined in advance hopefully for a financial benefit. The firm should consider the following constituents when pricing shares for a stock market quotation The current and future market conditions and the firms results. P/E of connatural quoted companies. Whether the quotation is to be on the main market or the AIM. An initial premium on launch, followed by steady growth in the share price is desirable. The amount of finance conductd. Future dividends and earnings forecasts (the more shares the more dividends need to be paid out). Underwriting costs or deep discount required to avoid under subscript ion of shares. Costs of share issues The costs come to in share issues include The stock exchange listing fee for the new securities. Fees of advisors including those of the issuing house. Underwriting costs. The compulsory advertising in national newspapers. Printing and distribution costs of details and prospectus. Issuing new shares without upbringing capital Scrip issues/ capitalization / bonus issue It involves conversion of reserves into capital ca development a fall in the reserves. Shareholders receive additional shares in proportion to their holding. The shareholders do not pay for the shares. This results in more equity in circulation with the result that the market value will generally fall in the pitiable term. This making it more attractive to potential investors. ?Scrip dividends It is a conversional of profit reserves into issued share capital offered to shareholders in lieu of cash dividend.Enhanced scrip dividends are those where the value of shares is greater tha n cash dividend offered as an alternative. ?Stock economic rent It is the splitting of existing shares into smaller shares, in order to improve the marketability of the companys shares. Share repurchase Repurchases or buy-ins of shares may be made by companies out of their distributable profits or out of the proceeds of a new issue of share made especially for the purpose countenanced than are authorized to do so in the companys articles of association.And off- market purchase is said to occur when the shares are purchased not subjected to the marketing arrangements of the stock exchange or other than on a recognized stock exchange. Advantages It may allow a company to prevent a takeover bid. The control by the existing shareholder group will be increased. A quoted company may purchase its share in order to withdraw from the stock market. It can be a useful way of using scanty cash. Repurchasing shares will reduce the number in circulation which should allow an increase in earnin gs and dividends per share and should lead to a higher share price.It will increase future EPS as future profits will be earned by fewer shares. Reducing the level of equity will increase the gearing level for a company with debt which may be considered honest by the company. If a business is in declivity a share repurchase may give the firms equity a more appropriate level. Disadvantages Repurchasing of shares may be viewed as a failure by the company to manage the funds profitably for shareholders. The company requires cash for the repurchase. It may be difficult to fix a price which is beneficial to all involved. It requires existing shareholders approval. Capital gains tax may be payable by those shareholders from whom the shares are purchased. It increases gearing. Debt and other forms of contribute capital Debt capital is borrowing fund from others or public with issuing securities, deposit, it is cheaper than cost of equity this is largely use from the high cost of equit y. Debentures A debenture is a document that either creates a debt or acknowledges it, and it is a debt without collateral. In corporate finance, the term is used for a medium- to long-term debt instrument used by large companies to borrow bullion.In some countries the term is used interchangeably with bond, loan stock or notational system. A debenture is thus like a certificate of loan or a loan bond evidencing the fact that the company is liable to pay a specified amount with interest and although the money raised by the debentures becomes a part of the companys capital structure, it does not become share capital Features of debentures ?Debenture holders are not the owners of the company. They are considered the creditors of the corporation or in other words, the company borrows money from them through issuing debenture. No voting rights. The debenture-holder is not a shareholder and cannot vote in the companys general meetings. ?Fixed rate of interest. A debenture with a fixed charge has a fixed rate of interest. It can be presented as 10% Debenture. They are always unsecured and earns a fixed rate of interest but has no share of the profit. ?Compulsory payment of interest. The interest on debenture is payable irrespective of whether there are profits made or not. Mortgage A mortgage represents a loan or lien on a property house that has to be paid over a specified item of time.Think of it as your personal guarantee that youll repay the money youve borrowed to buy your home. Mortgages come in many different shapes and sizes, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Make sure you select the mortgage that is right for you, your future plans, and your financial picture Convertible loan stock A loan to a company in the form of bonds that can later be exchanged for shares under certain conditions. Investor Advantages In a convertible debt agreement, investors are viewed as creditors of the start-up business. This is advantageous if the company liquida tes or goes bankrupt.Note holders are shown preferential treatment when the companys assets are divided. As the distinction is secured against the borrowers assets, an investor may feel more secure lending using convertible debt than he would through a traditional bank loan. Disadvantages for Borrower In the event that the convertible promissory comes due and it is not converted to equity or stock, the note still remains payable when the lender calls it in. The note is taken out against the companys assets, and the lender has the right to liquidate the assets to get his money.This can put a company in dire financial straits Warrants Warrants give the holder the right to subscribe for a specified number of shares at a fixed price during as at the end of a specified time period. Warrants are rights given to investors allowing them to buy new shares in a company at a future date at a fixed given price. The price is known as exercise price. The time at which they can be used to obtain s hares is known as exercise period. The warrant conversion premium is calculated by comparing the cost of purchasing a share using the warrant and the current share price. BondsThe long term contract in which the bondholders lend money to a company. In return the company promises to pay the bond owners a series of interest payments known as coupons until the bond matures. At maturity the bondholder receives a specified principal sum called the par value of the bond. The increase or decrease in the market prices of a bond doesnt affect the return. The investor only gets back the nominal value of the bond. Licensing and franchising This allow for the acquisition of a product, service or business concept of another organization, without the purchase of the other entity as a whole.In this an initial payment is required by the supplier and also the royalties on subsequent gross sales, in return for marketing in an exclusive territory. Syndicated loans For large loans a single bank may n ot be able or willing to lend the whole amount. So they spread their lending to gain the risk reducing benefits of diversification. They prefer to participate in a number of syndicated loans in which a few banks each contribute a portion of the overall loan. It generally offers lower returns than bonds. And they are paid out before bond holders in the event of liquidation.Mezzanine finance Offering a high return with a high risk. The finance it provides is cheaper (in terms of required return) than would be visible(prenominal) on the equity market and it allows the owners of a business to raise large sum of money without sacrificing control. It is used when the limits of bank borrowing has been reached and the business cannot or is not willing to issue any more equity capital. Medium term notes The company promises to pay the holders a certain sum on the maturity date, and in many cases a coupon interest in the period of time. And it may be unsecured.The interest rates may be fixed , floating or zipper rate. Project finance Deal is mainly created by industry corporations providing some equity for those who build and operate a project. The significant feature is that the loan returns are tied to the cash flows and fortunes of a particular project rather than being secured against the parent firms assets. For project finance, while the parent company s credit stand up is a factor. The main focus is on the financial prospects of the project itself. And it is used to finance power plants, roads, ports, sewage facilities, telecommunications etc. nd the main advantage is that the finance is raised on the projects assets and cash flows and therefore is not recorded as debt in the parent company s balance sheet. Sale and leaseback If a firm owns buildings, land or equipment it may be possible to sell these to another firm and agree to lease the property back for a stated period under specific terms. Hire purchase The finance house allows the hirer firm to use the eq uipment in return for a series of regular payments. These payments are sufficient to cover interest and contribute to paying off the principal.After all payments have been made then the hirer becomes the owner. The main advantage for the customer is that interest part of the payments are allowable against tax, and capital allowances can be claimed on the asset. Leasing Its similar to hire purchase. Here also the owner converts the right to use the equipment in return for regular rental payments by the user over an agreed period of time. Here the difference is that the lessee never becomes the owner. Operating lease bless the lessee to only a rook term contract. And dont have to be reported on the face of the statement of financial position.They will not be included in gearing calculations. And liability of future rentals is reported as a note to the accounts. This is mainly useful for lessee in the case of high technology products which are quickly obsolete. Finance lease It is al so called capital lease or full payment lease. The finance provider expects to recover the full cost of the equipment plus interest over the period of the lease. And the lessee has no right to cancellation. The lessee will have to bear the risks and rewards that normally go with ownership. And he will usually be responsible for maintenance, insurance and repairs.It is reported on the face of the statement of financial position. Short Term Finance Securitization The process whereby companies, instead of raising finance by borrowing from financial institutions, Converts assets into securities for sale in the marketplace. This may be allowed in the lower interest rates. Note Issuance Facilities (NIFs) and Revolving Underwriting Facilities (RUFs)- The NIF acts as an underwriter. Should the borrower be unable(p) to sell all notes, the syndicate is obligated to purchase all the remaining notes from the borrower, essentially providing credit.Note issuance facilities are useful in reducing risk and costs for both the borrower and the lender. A RUF differs from a note issuance facility (NIF) in that the underwriters provide loans instead of purchasing the outstanding notes that failed to sell. In either case, both RUF and NIF provide short- to medium-term credit in the Euro property market. Commercial Paper -(CP) An unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued by a corporation, typically for the financing of accounts receivable, inventories and meeting short-term liabilities.Maturities on commercial paper rarely range any longer than 270 days. The debt is usually issued at a discount, reflecting prevailing market interest rates. One example is where the company issues six calendar month dollar notes in the European Commercial Paper Market (ECP). Medium-term notes (MTN) Range in maturity from one to 10 years. By knowing that a note is medium term, investors have an idea of what its maturity will be when they compare its price to that of other fixed-income securities.Al l else being equal, the coupon rate on medium-term notes will be higher than those achieved on short-term notes. The use of CPs and MTNs is limited in that a minimum size of company and issue restricts it to large companies, multinationals and certain public sector bodies, and they are driven by the demand of investors. Syndicated Credits- The main goal of syndicated lending is to spread the risk of a borrower default across seven-fold lenders (such as banks) or institutional investors like pensions funds and hedge funds.Because syndicated loans tend to be much large than standard bank loans, the risk of even one borrower defaulting could cripple a single lender. Syndicated loans are also used in the leveraged buyout community to fund large corporate takeovers with primarily debt funding. verifys- Bank lending to companies is predominantly short term, although it is also now a valuable source of medium term finance. a)Bank loans- A short-term loan is a fixed amount of debt financ e borrowed by a company from a bank, with repayment to be made in the near future, for example after one year.The company pays interest on the loan at either a fixed or a floating rate at regular intervals, for example quarterly. A short-term bank loan is less flexible than an overdraft, since the full amount of the loan must be borrowed over the loan period and the company takes on the commitment to pay interest on this amount, whereas with an overdraft interest is only paid on the amount borrowed, not on the agreed overdraft limit. The interest rate for small companies on medium-term loans may either be at a fixed rate or at a margin above the banks base rate.For larger companies, the interest rate on medium-term loans may again be fixed for up to five years, but is usually at a margin above the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) adjusted every three, six, nine or twelve months in line with LIBOR movements. b)Overdraft- An overdraft is an agreement by a bank to allow a company to borrow up to a certain limit without the need for further discussion. The company will borrow as much or as little as it needs up to the overdraft limit and the bank will charge daily interest at a variable rate on the debt outstanding.The bank may also require security or collaterals protection against the risk of non-payment by the company. An overdraft is a flexible source of finance in that a company only uses it when the need arises. However, an overdraft is technically repayable on demand, even though a bank is likely in practice to give exemplification of its intention to withdraw agreed overdraft facilities. Overdrafts are often the ideal solution for short term borrowing and are extensively used to overcome short term cash flow problems, such as for funding purchase of raw materials whilst waiting payment on goods produced.There is no penalty for repayment of an overdraft, unlike (usually) the early repayment of a medium-term loan. The bank, though, can demand the rep ayment of an overdraft atany time, and many businesses have been forced to cease trading because of the withdrawal of overdraft facilities by their bank. The advantages of an overdraft facility with the bank are that It provides tractableness. It is a relatively cheap from of finance. Interest is charged on the daily balance. The major drawback of an overdraft is that the bank can withdraw the overdraft facility at short notice.Trade Credit- Trade credit is an agreement to take payment for goods and services at a later date than that on which the goods and services are supplied to the eat company. It is common to find one, ii or even three months credit being offered on commercial transactions and trade credit is a major source of short-term finance for most companies. The advantages of trade credit is that it is a relatively convenient, cheap and informal way of securing short term finance and is gettable to companies of all sizes. Factoring-A financing method in which a busine ss owner sells accounts receivable at a discount to a third-party funding source to raise capital. Factoring is the cash-management tool of choice for many companies. It is one of the most expensive forms of financing. The way it works is as follows Once a sale is made, the company invoices its customer and sends a copy of the invoice to the factor. The factor then pays the company a set proportion of the invoice value within a pre-arranged time typically, most factors offer 80-85% of an invoices value within 24 hours. The factor issues statements on the companys behalf and collects the payments.However, the company remains responsible for reimbursing the factor for bad debts, unless a non-recourse facility has been arranged. The company will receive the balance of the invoice (less charges) once the factor receives payment. The factor provides regular reports on the status of the companys sales ledger Typical charges on the amount financed range from 1% to 4% over base rate, with i nterest calculated on a daily basis. Credit management and administration charges, including the maintenance of the sales ledger, depend on turnover, the volume and number of invoices. Typical fees range from 0. 0% to 3. 0% of annual turnover a company with 50 live customers, 1,000 invoices per year and ? 1 million turnover might pay 1%. Advantage- Cash flow is maximized as calculate enables a company to raise up to 80% or more on outstanding invoices Using a factor can reduce the time and money spent on debt parade since the factor will usually run the sales ledger for the company The factors own credit control system can be used to aid assess the creditworthiness of new and existing customers Factoring can be an efficient way to minimize the cost and risk of doing business overseas Disadvantage- The factor usually takes over the maintenance of the sales ledger, and customers may prefer to deal with the company it is trading with rather than a factor Factoring may inflict const raints on the way business is conducted for example, the factor will apply credit limits to individual customers and for non-recourse factoring, most factors will want to pre-approve customers, which may cause delays The client company might only want the finance arrangements and yet it might feel it is paying for collection services they do not really need windup a factoring arrangement can be difficult where the only exit route is to repurchase the sales ledger or to switch factors and that could cause a sudden shortfall in working capital. Invoice Discounting- A method to draw loans from a companys outstanding invoices that does not require the company to relinquish administrative control of the invoices. An invoice discounting company will review the outstanding invoices on the companys ledger, and will determine the amount of loans that it will extend. Because the money is loaned, the company will be responsible for interest payments, as well as a fee to the invoice discountin g company. The requirements are more stringent than for factoring and different invoice discounters will impose different requirements. Confidential invoice discounting ensures that customers do not know a company is using invoice discounting as the client company sends out invoices and statements as usual. However, the costs of this are greater since the discounter is carrying a greater degree of risk. Bills of Exchange- Bills of exchange are similar to checks and promissory notes. They can be drawn by individuals or banks and are generally transferable by endorsements. The difference between a promissory note and a bill of exchange is that this product is transferable and can bind one party to pay a third party that was not involved in its creation. If these bills are issued by a bank, they can be referred to as bank drafts. If they are issued by individuals, they can be referred to as trade drafts. world(prenominal) capital marketsThere is an increasing supranationalization of capital markets, especially for the larger companies. Eurocurrency- Currency deposited by national governments or corporations in banks outside their home market. This applies to any currency and to banks in any country. For example, South Korean won deposited at a bank in South Africa, is considered Eurocurrency. The market generally offers high rates of interest, flexibility of maturities and a wide range of investment qualities in comparison with other capital markets. The unique feature is that the transactions in each currency take place outside the country from which that currency originates.On the short-term, inter-bank Eurocurrency market, transactions may take place between banks on an unsecured basis from overnight to five years duration. near transactions are for six months or less and transaction of over ? 1m is common. Eurobonds- The Eurobond market is an international capital market which has developed alongside the Eurodollar market since the 1960s. Usually, a Eurobo nd is issued by an international syndicate and categorized according to the currency in which it is denominated. A Eurodollar bond that is denominated in U. S. dollars and issued in Japan by an Australian company would be an example of a Eurobond. The Australian company in this example could issue the Eurodollar bond in any country other than the U. S. A bond issued in a currency other than the currency of the country or market in which it is issued. ) The following advantages are claimed for the Euromarkets in various currencies Extremely large sums can be raised or deposited. Money will often be cheaper than the domestic markets. Controls tend to be less restrictive. Some protection against exchange rate movements is offered, but here the user will require a high level of skill in selecting his or her alternatives. Any period of surplus or shortage from one day to five years can be accommodated. The markets offer a useful alternative to other sources of capital which the company Eurobonds Available- Straight fixed rate bondsThe majority of Eurobonds with a fixed coupon can be described thus. Interest is generally paid out once each year and is calculated using a 360-day year. Some older issues do pay half-annually. Equity related bonds These may take two forms Convertibleswhereby the bond holder has the right (but not the obligation) to Convert the bond into ordinary shares at a pre-determined price. Eurobonds with warrantswhich are similar to convertible bonds in that warrants are attach to the Eurobond enabling the holder to purchase ordinary shares represented by the warrants at, or between, specified dates. The exercise price will be set in a similar fashion to that of convertible Eurobonds. Floating rate notes (FRNs)A note with a variable interest rate. The adjustments to the interest rate are usually made every six months and are tied to a certain money-market index. Also known as a floater. Borrowing in the Euromarkets- Borrowers in the Euromarkets include Companies needing dollars for investment in the USA. Unit trusts and investment trusts investing in foreign securities. The United States banks, which find that it is expedient to take up loans through the European market rather than to borrow in the USA. Multinational companies wishing to invest in a particular country without wishing, or being able, to transfer capital from their base country. internal governments and bodies associated with national and international agencies. Euro equity- An Initial Public Offer occurring simultaneously in two different countries. The companys shares are listed in various countries rather than where the company is based. Choice of Currency for Borrowing The factors affecting the choice of currency used for company borrowing include The ease and speed of raising finance, which is often easier outside the domestic markets. The size of the debt larger loans tend to be borrowed in the Euromarkets. The cost of issues small changes in interes t rates can have a significant impact if the loan is large. Whether the currency is required immediately (including coverage in preventing exchange exposure) and in the long run. The security the company has for sale Euro borrowings are generally unsecured. Advantages of Raising Funds in International Markets- There are several advantages to the company in raising funds in international markets, including It is useful if the companys own capital market is too small, or too complex and/or regulated to raise the required finance quickly and easily. It improves the liquidity and reputation of the company. It may improve trade if the company trades in the country of the currency/capital market. It can help in preventing takeover bids.

Paul C?©zanne and His Influence on Cubism

Cubism can be, and has been, be as the military personnels first style of abstract guile. From its need of landscapes and foreshortening to the multitude of geometric represents, cubist ruse can be quiet hard to analyze. An abundance of geometric shapes and monochromatic glossinesss can blur the endeavor in focus, and its lack of three- dimensionality equitable exacerbates the analysis process. But art wasnt always like this.Artists from the same and surrounding regions a few years prior were not creating art as abstract as the cubists. In fact, the preceding art call on was neither abstract nor ambiguous in the s getest, so why the depart? Cubist art deviated near completely from the prior art diversitys, and at the forefront of this new form of art was a new way of thinking sparked by scientific findings by Albert wizardry and a Neo-limitations artisan by the name of Paul CZane. CZane was born in Xix-en-Provence, France in 1839 into a wealthy family, which helped him succeed in the vicious world of art.Like almost artists of his time, CZane attended college to study art, al iodin was simultaneously enrolled at the University of Xix o study law under the command of his father. Following his dual enrollment, he enrolled in the Cadmime Issue to study mental pictures of artists. In the years to come, CZane experienced self-doubt, going between working at his fathers banking firm and submerging himself into the critical world of art returning to Xix and going away to Paris respectively before finally moving to Pon besidesns to study with Pissarro, a swell up- kn bear artist. It was then that CZane realized that he was not to be accepted by the rest. 1874 the first exhibition of La Sociot Anomie Coopretire des Artistes, Painters, Sculptures, et Gravers a group of rejected artists who soon later deemed themselves the Impressionists. CZane entered but was rejected from all of the other exhibitions except for the third. He was part of a new wave of artists who called themselves the Neo-elementariness. L The first Neo-limitations artists were George Serrate and Paul Signal. Developed in the late 19th Century after the disbandment of Impressionist group La Sociot, Impressionists deviated from the unfinished style of the Impressionists and focused on the science of color.Their predecessors had a Ochs on color but more to convey reality through the eyes of the artist himself, objectively. Many put emphasis on the fleeting moment of time any(prenominal) artists, such as M whizzt, used hasty dashed strokes of color on their bed sheet to depict such advances of time while others focused on the perspectives of an object during different times of day different lighting. Yet, they all had more to do with the depiction of a state of mind during an event thus, each artist had their own individualised style. The Neo- Impressionists, however, took a more scientific approach to art.They had a main Ochs on color much like the Impress ionists, but, much like the Impressionists, had their own unique style. Georges Serrate was the closest of the Multimillionaires to Monet stylistically, nevertheless he differed greatly. Serrate coined his style of painting pointillism, meticulous plotting of paint in the form of monochromatic dots of equal size. 2 scientific experiment and theory was used in Neo-limitations art, using optical principles of light and color to convey an ultimate reality. Scientifically, color occurs in the Networks Television. Paul CZane. Bio. Com. Http//www. Biography. Com/people/ (accessed).Philip E. Bishop and Margaret J. Mans. The industrial Age. In Adventures in the Human Spirit it. 7th De. Boston Pearson, 2014. Missiles region of the electromagnetic spectrum, that is roughly from Mann to Mann in wavelength. Different shades of color were achieved by adding dots of concentrated color but of different wavelengths. The retina of the human eye is designed to average the wavelengths into one col or, thus deciphering as a result, the divisions between objects as well form was created through dots of color as opposed to lines. 3 Paul CZane took this technique of object simplification a little bit further.CZane never aligned well with the other Impressionist painters, so much so that he removed himself from the Impressionists in 1877 (after the third Sociot exhibition) and worked in isolation. It wasnt until almost twenty years later that CZane would in public present his works of art. His differences with the Impressionist artists classified him as a Neo-limitations, but his style was much more radical than that of the other Neo-limitations artists. The depiction of upstart behavior became popular during this time period and Neo-elementariness and Impressionists alike were creating work to convey such modernisticity.CZane, on the other hand, wanted to emphasize the difference between a painting and reality. L Techniques from the renaissance have been made commonalitypla ce thereafter. Foreshortening, the art of making an object daintyer or larger to convey distance, for instance, was a major technique used by artists to create the illusion of distance, or the third dimension z- axis, on a two-dimensional firearm of probe. Paul CZane felt that the use of conjuror took away from the media on which the artists paint.He abandoned the idea of perspective drawing and emphasized the monotonous, two-dimensional nature 0 accessed). 3 The Editors of Unicycledid Britannica. Neo-lonesomeness (painting). Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Http//www. Britannica. Com/Upchucked/topic/408661 Neo-lonesomeness (accessed). Of canvas. Instead, insidious use of aerial perspective usage of warm and cool colors of nature to convey the advancement and recession of objects in a painting was common in Ccanes work to CZane, the composition of color was the most important aspect of art. But despite this belief in color, he studied something else on which the Cubists in t he years to come would base all art the study of the armament structures of natural forms, namely the cylinder, sphere, and cone. Many times over and over, and perhaps one too many, CZane sundry(a) Mont Conservatoire after retreating home from the grueling Parisian art scene at the time. The small land mass Just outside of his small hometown of Xix, France painted between 1902 and 1904 is depicted as a solid arrangement of masses and planes. What CZane had done was simplified objects, Mont Saints-Victor and the village/ town at its base, down to planes or shapes, otherwise known as reductionism. 2 He was very much into reductionism, and though he said that the composition of color as the most important, it square offms as if reductionism was Just as important to him. Countless paintings by CZane during the first years of the twentieth displayed his style of reducing object to their natural form. La Sociot disbanded years after plethora of exhibitions due to ever-growing differen ces in artistic outlook and, thus, style.After incessant urging by Pissarro, Monet, and Renoir former members of La Sociot CZane emerged from his nearly two full decades of self-quarantine and displayed many of his works. His work became increasingly popular among the public. The annual Salon des Mindpendants exhibition in Paris exhibited his work in 1899, 1901, and 1902, but the great man of Xix had an 0 2 Philip E. Bishop and Margaret J. Mans. The Industrial Age. In Adventures in the Human Spirit it. 7th De. Boston Pearson, 2014. 4 PAUL C?ZANE THE CHATEAU AT M?DAN. Paul CZane. Http www. Retaliatory. O m/art_appreciation/landscapes/Paul_Cezanne. HTML (accessed). Entire room dedicated to his work and his work alone in the exhibition of Salon autonomy in 1904. After Ccanes death on 22 October, 1906 due to illness, a large retrospective exhibition was held at the Salon autonomy in 1907. It was at this retrospective exhibition where the young Pablo Picasso, co-founder of the near era of modern art, became enthralled by Ccanes work. It was the very shape that was most popular among works by CZane, the square, that became the derivation of the word describing the new modern art Cubism.At the start of the 20th Century, artists were dealing with a dilemma how to properly depict a world changing at the speed of light. Formerly, artists were dealing with how to depict modern keep Just as the Cubists were, but the change in depiction from that of Impressionists to Neo- Impressionists is going from life as people saw it (casual events) to the depiction of more personal moments with a radical change in color to convey emotion and mood. 5 However, the change from Neo-limitations art to Cubist art was much less conservative.In 1905, Albert sensation and few other colleagues founded the theory of relativity in which Einstein stated that the laws of physics are the same everywhere and the speed of light is a constant. With this, Einstein concluded that no observers ex perience of time is the same. 2 Man of this era was experiencing time more whimsically technology is booming, the car industry is starting to posit off, and more intercultural interactions were taking place. With each culture having their own idiosyncratic perspectives and thus the distortion of the truth. 6 So artists of this 0 5 Billionaire, Gallinule, and Peter Read. Georges Braques. In The Cubist Painters. Berkeley, Cilia. university of California Press, 2004. 6 Cubism A New Vision. www. Mad. Due. Http//www. Mad. Due/Wolfs/Academic/ Arteries/ art_philosophy/Humanities/Cubism/cubism forefronthtHTMLaccessed). tiTimeelt that they needed to depict life in their art as it was stick outn during their time yshystericsskeptical, uncertain, confusing, analytical, proportional, subjective. Everything is relative and subjective and so were the intros of the artists themselves. A couple of years later two young artists by the name Pablo Picasso and Georges BrBraquesncountered this prob lem head-on.They felt that they had to depict life as such, but how were they to do that? Well, in 1907 at the Salon dautonomyit was because of Czacanesketch titled The Bathers that young Picasso became infatuated by his work. The treatment of the nude form in The Bathers influenced the nude form in PiPicassoeLesseDemolishesDavidsonreatly. He flattened the form much like CzaZaneid and deconstructed the forms into a few planes, geometric shapes, and angles. Picasso in LeLesseDemolishesuch like CzaZanen The Bathers gave up tired traditions of modeling and foreshortening and embraced the flat surface of the canvas before him.BrBraquespon seeing LeLesseDemolishesell into a state of shock. He disliked the techniques (or lack of techniques in BrBraqueseyes at the time) used by Picasso, but after many months looking back on the work, BrBraquesmbraced PiPicassotyle and created a work of art similar to that of Picasso he titled The Nude. The two worked so closely together that it is said th at their art was sometimes indistinguishable much like the art itself. This was the start of a beautiful partnership between him and Georges BrBraquesnd the start of Cubism. What people see Cubism as is the era of analytical cubism analytical in that the art was supposed to be seen through intellect, not by the eye. The work by BrBraqueshe called The HuHumanistst. 7t7thdDeBoston Pearson, 2014. Portuguese, is essentially what Cubist art looked like for most of the period. It is a 46 1/4 x 32 1/4, oil-based painting on canvas painted in 1911. In a simple glimpse of the work, one can identify multiple natural-brown geometric shapes and planes cooccur one another. The outlining of the planes and shapes are painted in seemingly quick brushstrokes, thus, making it sketch-like in appearance.The planes make it seem that if touched, the painting would cut due to its Jagged and rigid look, and, today, it can be viewed in the KuCountersunkn Basel. 2 This work of art is not easily discernibl e, even for scholars. Here BrBraquesery vaguely and subtly aligns the lines outlining multiple overlapping planes to create an implicit in(p) triangle to show he viewers intellect down the triangle to its base. It is at the peak of the triangle where BrBraquesas places a seemingly triangular beam (perhaps a beam of light since the seem is lightly colored brown) shining down from the top right of the canvas on the peak of the main triangle.And at the beams origin lies the letters BAL and the come up 10,40. BAL is shortened Portuguese for dance and 10,40 through historical analysis was evidently a drink tab. 2 And between the numbers and letters is the outlining of the basic geometric forms of a wine glass which, altogether, signifies that the setting is most probably in a bar. That same triangular beam also takes the intellect back to the key main triangle using subtle linear perspective to what seems to be a face shown in profile, the leftward most face, and directly in front of the face, the rightward most face.If one were to take this intellect down to the base of the main underlying triangle, one can see that there are many most overlapping planes and the colors have gone from light brown, up top, to dark brown on the bottom. A diagonal line from the leftward side of the triangle Juts down the canvas toward the bottom right to encompass (more like enentanglementif that ere a word) a circle with crossing horizontal lines which looks 2 Human SpSpiritt. 7t7thdDeBoston Pearson, 2014. o Oe a guitar played by a person to which the face above belongs few horizontal lines coming from the right side of the canvas toward the guitar gives the intellect a sign that those lines may be the performers arms which are strumming the strings of the guitar. To emulate the fleeting affects of time, BrBraqueslaces multiple circles and horizontal lines around the aforementioned circle and lines. What can now be identified as a possible bar-room performer, is shown in multipl e exposure this is hat he/she is shown playing (giving the location of the guitar) from a plethora of angles/viewpoints.Artists of this time were well-versed in the sciences and mathematics. The belief that an artist should be knowledgeable of science and math dates back to the Renaissance. With knowledge of EiEinsteinheory of relativity and other findings, BrBraquesortrayed this bar-room singer with a guitar in his of her most basic form in fleeting time through the usage of gegeometriclanes for form and the overlapping and repetitive patterns of planes and shapes to portray movement through time lelettingver so quickly in one glimpse.One glimpse of this work and you see an entire performance pass by before you could even discern what had taken place on that very piece of canvas. This is exactly what BrBraquesanted in fact. Through EiEinsteinnd his cocolleaguesindings, BrBraquesonveyed his theory of relativity and space time through this work of art. 6 The value behind the object seems to be one of concern, concern for the time in which BrBraquesnd all of globe in America and Europe due to the ever-changing and ever-increasing pace of life. Where is all of this going to take humanity?Where are all of us while this research and discovery is taking place? To BrBraquesnd other Cubists, we are right in the middle of it. Einstein defined space-time as a mesh in which the entirety of the universe in contained, not fluid in intervals of space-time, but warped and fluxed so that the change in time is variable not 2 probable however, because Einstein is said to have said that God would never play dice with the creation of matter. 2 Time is so variable that BrBraquesn one work of art, in one piece of space-time has portrayed this theory to hold true in that even a bar- oomomerformer is never stationary.His or her location is capricious and our perspective of the bar-room is Just as capricious as her location Just as life and our perspective of life is ever-changing with unprecedented speed due to the advancement of technology and scientific discovery. But where is CzaZanen all of this? Czacanesegacy remains in the work of the Cubists. His understanding lies in the deconstruction of the form of the bar-room performer and his/her guitar. If one compares Czacanesaintings of Mont SaSaintsiVictorhe went from nearly painting he mountain exactly as he saw it to the mountains basic underlying form geometric shapes and planes.Czacanesnfluence can also be pinpointed in the multiple perspectives of the performer that BrBraquesives us. CzaZaneiked to abstract art and so did the Cubists evidently. Also Czacaneseviation from perspective drawing, for which he is magnificently known, caught the interest of Cubists. He felt that a painting is not reality it should not imitate reality but rather create reality we see/know it therefore, a painting should not suggest depth or a third dimension. The surface of annovass two dimensional and so is art work that is to be put on any given piece of canvas, around which CzaZaneased his art work.He flattened space and emphasized decomposition and deconstruction of objects to twdimensionaleometric. BrBraquesnd Cubists took this and created what defined modern life as being perceived through multiple facets, confusing, fleeting, and analytical.

How Does Acting Out Of Self-Interest Drive The Theory Of Determinism

How does acting out of self-interest drive the theory of determinism well , what is determinism it is defined as the means universal causation? For everything that occurs there is a corresponding cause. In philosophy it is known as the doctrine that all events, including human decisions, are completely determined by previously existing causes. 1 states that it is corresponding cause while the other states that it is previously an existing cause.So, how does acting out of Self-Interest drive the theory of determinism that is to say determinism is claimed that our existence is pre-determined, the that apologise volition is, but an illusion. Many who believes in a destiny-path or so form of supernatural (Religious-faith), will be hard to believe or even grasp determinism. Determinism, for those that are religious the decision they make them believe its be ordain by their decisions.But if you think about it, whatever free-will choices we make that path has been narrow down to occu r, if we chooses wrong, or right, or the alternative of right and wrong, or non-religious path what waits us, seem to be somewhat ordain by our discussion where it was free-will of self-interest, or of religiously free will. Determinism, seems to be like a line game they use to determine the path of result of one will do, well in hurt of one of school. This line game is of free-will that we chose. This line chosen will take us too many directions but, in the finale the result seems somewhat pre- delineate to occur.This choice we made, was out of our (students ) free-will or religiously- free-will, that led us to choose that line . That line has already seemed to be pre-destining what the result will be at the fire of the line. It is a very common game, in my previous school, in Japan this is how we are fairly chosen-(freely) or, destine to do what states at the end of the line. This was basically make so, we knew what we were free-will chose our decision or ordain to have a res ult when it came to doing chores and projects in school.Is there any real freedom in our behavior, or is it determined by a series of uncontrollable events, well I would say we do have a freedom to choose but, it will fall in the end or, determined in the end, the choices we made during these series of uncontrollable events. That we acted out of our own freedom Uncontrollable events in our life, in many result will be of our knowledge or faith that we choices out of freedom or, of free-will or, religiously-free will.

Ernest Hemingway Essay

Ernest Hemingway is a writer k nowadaysn for his characterizations of men and women. His men tend to be very masculine and involved in using women for their own personal gain. His women tend to be somewhat naive and overwhelmed with the idea of being with men. As with many of Hemingways female person characters, Liz in Up in Michigan has mistakenly taken infatuation for bash. Liz is actually somewhat obsessed with Jim right from the beginning. Hemingway writes, She liked it about how his teeth were when he smiled,that his hair was black on his arms and how white they were above the tanned line when he washed up in the washbasin outside the house. longing that made her notice funny. Clearly, sentences like this demonstrate the girlish nature of Liz. She mark offs all the little things that women notice in infatuation with men. There is no mention of his character, of what winning of man he is, only of his physical characteristics. She feels funny inside thinking about his white skin where it thaws into his clothes. This is the equivalent of the pounding heartbeat of infatuation. In fact, each(prenominal) the time Liz was thinking about Jim Gilmore.He didnt seem to notice her much (Hemingway 82). Clearly, the feelings are one-sided here. It is impossible for Liz to love him if he takes no notice of her. Real love is about reciprocity. As the story goes on, Jim goes away on a hunting trip. She couldnt sleep well from thinking about him unless she discovered it was fun to think about him too (Hemingway 82). She is thinking about him in the ways of a girl, fascinated with every move he makes. She knows nil of substance about him. Clearly, he is not thinking of her at all.She even goes so far as to think that everything would be all right when he came home (Hemingway 83). Again, she is pinning her entire identity on this one man who doesnt even give her the time of day. She has no understanding of real love and is actually setting herself up for someone li ke Jim to use her by being so needy. She has fallen into the female trap of believing in that faggot tale, romantic love that doesnt exist in reality. She believes he will notice her and realize they were meant to be together.When Jim returns from hunting, he sits and drinks with the boys. Liz tells the reader that She didnt want to go to bed yet because she knew Jim would be coming out and she wanted to see him as he went out so she could take the way he looked up to bed with her (Hemingway 84). Again, as a little girl, she wants to take his image to bed and fantasize about it. She needs one last glimpse of him to make her feel complete. Jim does come out and immediately makes advances toward her in his drunken state.She is scared but feels as though he is finally noticing her. She doesnt want to ruin her chance. As he seduces her, there are phrases like, it was cold but Liz was hot all over from being with Jim. She tells him no but doesnt really mean it, and he basically takes reinforcement of her. Afterwards, she is cold and miserable and tells the reader that everything felt gone (Hemingway 85). The story ends with her covering Jim and kissing his cheek as well as seek to talk to him, but realizing on the dock that a cold mist is coming (Hemingway 85).On the dock, with the cold mist coming (Hemingway 85), Liz has realized that like the barges that disappear earlier in the story, her idea of infatuation is gone. She understands that Jim was simply fulfilling his own physical need and that he has no feelings for her. She understands a basic truth that many men see love and sex completely differently than women do. She has, in effect, grown up. The cold mist coming is the way her life will change now that the illusion of romantic, fairy tale love is gone.Jim has not noticed her, and she has paid an extremely high price for misunderstanding his intentions. She will either learn to esteem herself more and not be available for every man she likes or she wil l attach herself to another man like Jim who will take advantage of her and treat her badly, but this time she will be realistic in the fact that that is what he will do. She will not wait for the happy closure anymore. Her illusions about infatuation (love) have been shattered, and in a world such as this, she may never learn what real love, mutual trust and respect, is.

In My Fathers Den Essay

In my Fathers Den, a brilliant example of subjective filmmaking and credit should be given to the theatre director Brad McGann for successfully developing a character who takes a journey through regression. McGann uses a series of flashbacks for Paul to revisit the traumatic past and thus back to the obscure present to deal with the outcome of his memories. Brad McGann develops the character Paul, as a man who is lonely and isolated yet mystifying and secretive. He blocks out his emotions completely which makes the audience intrigued to find out what has happened in his past that has made him the enclosed character he is today.The story includes report cards found familiar to umpteen New Zealand films, dark family secrets, small-town claustrophobia, the lure of the outside world. Its not so much a whodunit said McGann, but a whydunit. The film is as much about tone as plot, eloquently describing a world of emotionally damaged characters isolated from each other in stark landscape s. The theme of escapism is consistently grabbing the audiences attention throughout McGann releases details sparingly, constructing his film as a kind of puzzle assembled from pieces of the past and present, with Priors attempts to forget his younger days.His use of camera movement adds new entropy, as flashbacks play a large role in this film. McGanns ability to stitch material together is portentous as he doesnt signal the shift between time periods heavy-handedly, and yet its always clear what is happening and how each new snippet of information contributes to the complex. McGanns use of cinematography is a great example of successful director skills. The use of camera angles and excitation effeteness on the film help create a mood to demand the audiences attention to discover the true identity of each character.McGanns panning of the den, prepares the audience with a flashback, and as a small boy (Paul) with his father the lighting of warmth is portrayed with the effeteness of connection and close feeling with the young boy and his father. Celias grief as she consoles Paul for the truth, the warmth of the glow light against Pauls face makes the audience devoted to feel sorry for him and feel his pain. McGanns successful use of director skills impacts the audiences views on the film In my Fathers Den. This film is carefully crafted, as it is a dialogue for ironic social comment and characters.

Black Culture Essay

During the Harlem Renaissance, writers, especi completelyy filthyamoor ones, portrayed the colored shade and style in their writing. They used black assumptions, generalizations and stereotypes to show, what they thought was, the black culture. Not all of this was far from the truth. Three writers, Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, and Sterling Brown argon examples of writers that emulated black culture in their works. Langston Hughes works, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Mother to Son, When Sue Wears Red, The Weary Blues, I, Too, and Harlem are examples of the portrayal of black culture through writing.In The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Hughes focuses on important accomplishments and places where Negroes were heavily populated. I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. / I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. /I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. / I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln/ went down to New Orleans, and Ive moldn its muddy/ bosom turn all rosy in the sunset (Hughes 1291). In Mother to Son, he describes advice of a mother given to her son.She tells him how her life was no crystal stair and how she had to struggle to get where she is and that she is button up struggling to get even further. She describes her trials and tribulations as tacks/and splinters/ and boards torn up/ and places with no carpet on the floor/ bare. (Hughes 1292). She tells her son never to give up on his dreams and to withstand climbing that crystal stair. This is because the mother knows how fleshy it is to get ahead in the world when youre black and that everything that blacks have they have worked hard to get. When Sue Wears Red describes the beauty of the black womanhood.He compares Susannas face o an ancient cameo/ turned brown by the ages. He excessively compares to a queens form almost time-dead Egyptian night (Hughes 1293). The Weary Blues portrays the musical side of the black culture, describin g a man playing that sad raggy variant like a musical fool and singing in a deep song voice with a melancholy tone The music that comes from a black mans soul (Hughes 1294). I, Too show the degrading manner in which black populate were treated. The black house workers were treated as if they were inferior or not fit to be around white people.This is shown when the worker tells us, they send me to eat in the kitchen/ when company comes. Due to the high hopes and inclination of black people, this does not discourage the speaker. He knows that, one day, hell be at the table/ when company comes. / Nobodyll dare/ say to me/ eat in the kitchen/theyll see how beautiful I am/ and be ashamed (Hughes 1295). He believes that one day black people impart be accepted and will be able to eat with the whites. This attitude is what kept blacks striving to succeed.Harlem questions what may happen if black people put off their dreams and progression. This delay may be willing or by force but eith er way the dreams may dry up/ like a raisin in the sun or stink like rotten meat or even worse explode (Hughes 1309). Stopping black people from fulfilling their dreams would at worst cause a rebellion. This rebellion may not be nonviolent. Sterling Brown uses poems such as Odyssey of Big Boy, Southern Road, Slim Greer, and Ma Rainey to describe black culture in his eyes. Brown wrote mostly of the working class black population.He wrote his poems as though it were a work song that they used to keep time. Thus, you see a lot of repetition in his works. This is seen in both Odyssey of Big Boy and Southern Road. In Odyssey of Big Boy, Brown gives sight to some of the folklore heroes of the black culture, such as Casey Jones and Stagolee (Brown 1248). This not only shows the heroes represented in black culture but also their use of stories past down through the generations to keep the culture alive. He goes on to describe the manual labor that black people have done over the ages.This includes how they skinned as a boy in Kentucky hills/druv steel there as a man/striped tobacco in Virginia fiels/mined de coal in West Virginia etc (Brown 1249). These are prime examples of the jobs that the lack culture held whether it is when they were slaves or after they were freed. It was characteristic of them to hold jobs that involved a great deal of manual labor. Southern Road depicts some of the struggles that a typical black man may have dealt with during those times. He speaks about working in a chain gang, a father dying, tone ending to jail and white men degrading the black man.Slim Greer is about a black man that passed as white. He met a white woman who thought he as from Spain/ or else from France (Brown 1256). It was not until he played some monful blues that they found out that he was indeed black (Brown 1257). This depicts the musicality of the black culture. Music was one of the many ways they used to express themselves, so, for the most part, they had a grea t talent in it. Ma Rainey is also a poem about the musicality of the black culture. Whenever Ma Rainey came to town folks from anyplace/ miles aroun/flocks to hear/ Ma do her stuff (Brown 1258).Black people enjoyed gathering around to listen to music. This was probably because not only was it entertaining but it also told a story. Zora Neale Hurston depicts black culture through her works authorise pass, How IT Feels To Be Colored Me, and Their Eyes Were Watching God. Hurston wrote a great deal about the togetherness in the black community. Many of her stories, including these three works, took place in an solo black town and included at least one seen where the entire community sat outside together talking, usually gossiping, and watching passersby.In Sweat they gossip about Delia Jones, mainly they talk about how her husband, Sykes, beats and abuses her and how he is having an affair with a woman named Bertha. They badmouth Sykes, saying how horrible and stupid he is for cheat ing on a god woman like Delia, particularly with such a fat woman. This also shows how it was common in the black culture, especially in the south, for men to like thicker women. Their Eyes Were Watching God also has a few scenes in which we see the black community together. In the beginning, Janie is seen by the whole community walking back in overalls.They immediately begin to talk about her. They make assumptions, such as Tea Cake take all of her money and abandoned her. They talk about how silly she was for taking off with a younger man in the first place and whatsoever happened to her probably serves her right. In conclusion, the black culture is evident in many works by various black writers. They show the good and the bad, the truth and its exaggerations. learning works written in the time gives us a good look into what the black society was actually like back then.

Education Essay Essay

Education? is? not? only? conditioning,? but? conditioning? for? the? future? and? conditioning? for? the? mind.? somewhere? along? the? way? the? strive? to? study? has? been? lost? on? upbringing.? Its? hard? to? determine? where? this? all? went? wrong.? the like? many? in? the? past,? those? who? have? the? drive? to? reckon,? earn? an? discipline.? Drive? and? determination? can? not? be? taught? in? a? classroom.? Some? of? the? most? important? subjects? that? should? be? taught? in? class,? are? not.? The? purpose? of? education? is? to? condition? youth? for? the? challenges? they? face? in? the? future.?Students?are? trained? not? educated.? I? have? neer? had? to? overcome? a? language? restraint.? I? have? never? had? to? overcome? a? racial? barrier? either.? As? long? as? I? can? remember? learning? has? been? a? part? of? my? life.? non? just? learning,? but? education.? The? struggles? Richard? Rodriguez? and? Fredrick? Douglass? went? through? do? not? apply? to? me.? Rodriguez? and? Douglass? were? both? lucky? enough? to? severalise? education,? where? as? education? found? me.? Fredrick? Douglass? once? said,? Without? struggle? there? is? no? progress. ? This? quote? really? sums? up? Douglass? and? his? message.?Douglass? went? through? his? fair? share? of? struggles? and? became? a? better? man? beca persona? of? it.? If? what? I? face? now? in? my? life? is? a? struggle,? how? much? can? I? really? progress At? least? Ill? always? have? education? to? take? advantage? of.? All? Americans? are? given? the? right? of? an? education.? Depending? on? the? person,? this? right? can? either? be? used? or? ignored.? A? large? part? in? why? so? many? immigrants? travel? to? the? US,? is? because? it? clear upers? free? public? education.?Because? of? taxes? no? child? has? to? pay? to? learn.? thither? are? also? no? restrictions? on? who?has? the? right? to? an? education? in? the? United? States.? Yet? education? is? not? appreciat ed? by? most? like? it? should.? Learning? is? a? former.? Not? a? power? that? all? people? have? but? the? ones? that? do? have? it? conduct? to? use? it,? completely? use? it.? Fredrick? Douglass? realized? how? powerful? the? ability? to? learn? could? be.? So? did? Maya? Angelou.? Neither? of? them? would? have? lived? the? lifes? they? did? without? the? power? of? learning.? To? make? mistakes? and? learn? from? them? so? they? dont? recur.? Read.? Comprehend.? Write.? Read.?Comprehend.? Write.? And? repeat.? I? create?sentences? so? I? can? reap? the? benefits.? Until? a? student? becomes? proficient? in? haveing,? comprehending,? and? writing? that? student? wont? be? successful? in? the? educational? system.? The? goal? isnt? to? learn.? Education? used? to? be? about? learning.? Different? people? learn? in? different? ways.? Education? is? interesting? to? some? but? boring? to? others.? For? one? to? be? educated,? they? stolon? have? to? learn.? The? ability? to? l earn? is? not? a? strength? all? people? are? natural? with.? It? is? an? important? skill? most? people? develop? throughout? their? life.? Frederick?Douglass? was?not? taught? as? a? child.? Douglass? did? not? go? to? school,? but? the? fact? that? he? is? educated? can? not? be? argued.? Based? off? that? fact? alone,? it? is? proven? that? one? does? not? need? to? be? schooled? to? be? educated.? Douglass? was? determined? to? learn.? He? was? immutable? in? educating? himself? to? have? a? chicer? future.?Being? a? slave? in? the? 19th? century,? a? bright? future? does? not? exist.? Through? his? determination,? Douglass? shows? how? the? importance? of? an? education? is. Education? does? not? always? occur? in? the? classroom.? It? can? be? found? almost? anywhere.?Frederick? Douglass? mentions? in? his? narrative? Learning? to? Read? that? the? little? boys? who? taught? him? how? to? read? will? be? free? at? twenty? one? years? old? men,? whereas? Douglass? just? wis hes? to? be? free? more? than? anything.?Learning? does? not? only? occur? in? the? classroom.? It? happens? in? many? public? experiences.? Sometimes? the? only? way? to? learn? something? is? to? do? it? personally.? Maya? Angelou? once? said? Words? mean? more? than? what? is? set? on? paper.? It? takes? the? human? voice? to? infuse? them? with? a? deeper? meaning. ? Just? because? a? student? reads?from? a? book? does? not? guarentee? they? will? receive? the? full? effect? of? the? writing.? Words? need? to? be? said,? plays? need? to? be? acted,? speeches? need? to? be? read.? Most? american? scholars? today? dredd? the? idea? of? reading.? High? schoolers? all? crossways? the? country? will? try? to? find? anyway? to? get? around? actually? having? to? read.?For? education? to? be? successful? in? teaching? a? student? a? lesson,? the? attitude? of? the? student? must? be? appropriate.? Students? who? dont? want? to? learn? wont,? its? really? that? simple.? Students? nee d? to? be? taught? how? to? learn.?

Comparison and Contrast of the Movie and the Novel Essay

The following paper gives a comparison and the contrast on the sweet The auto anchor ringile trunk by Stephen King and the moving-picture show that is based on this novel, i. e. Stand by Me by Rob Reiner. The eubstance is a short story from Stephen Kings compilation of Different Seasons. Later on a movie was prep ard of the story of the novella called Stand by Me. Comparison and Contrast of the Movie and the young Starting with the screenplay of the movie, as portrayed in the novel, the movie did extreme justice to it.A few differences those were sooner noniceable. These include the time of the film which is publicized 1959 rather than 1960, the location of the story which in the book was Maine and in the movie it was Oregon. A takings of scenes were edited from the movie. The movie involves more scenes that revolve around the older gang. Scenes likes where ace stealing Gordies cap, the gang plays mailbox baseball, while discussing the body of Ray Brower when sitting togethe r or racing on the highway ar not included in the book.The movie in any case ignored a few short stories regarding Gordie and adds a few flashbacks which were no where present in the novel. The factors that excite the movie a bit boring are the repeating elements such as singing the physical composition song again and again, Verns obsessions, Gordie and Chris showing of their friendship on certain points. Adding further more to this, Gordies association with his brother is a lot stronger in the film, where as in the novel, Denny and Gordie were not close to from each one other.A chassis of tempers are new in the film as compared to the book. A few actions are also there which make the story to go on a different posture. In the book, it was Gordie, not Chris, who fought Teddy off the roadway ahead of he possibly will endeavor a accept move, whereas in the book it was Chris who dragged away the gun, but Gordie accomplishes it in the escort. In addition, the team member who endangered the boys with a dagger in the book was in fact Jackie Mudgett, and not Ace. A number of appearances of conversation are spoken by diverse characters.In the book, the line going to see a dead kid, by chance it shouldnt be a party was spoken by Vern, (King, Stephan, Pp 75) and the line you wont sagaciousness if we check the seat of your jockies for Hershey squirts was spoken by Teddy. In the picture, these dialogues are conversed by Gordie. (King, Stephan, Pp 75) The picture presents a number of characters that were not a part of the book and vice versa. For example, in the book there were two spear carrier young men in Gordies mob defecate John and Marty DeSpain who were place of town during the story, but they are never mentioned in the movie.Consequently, the book didnt present a variety of components in the mob th irritableout the pie competition that the picture categorizes. A number of the distinctiveness of the people in the narration is distorted. For example, nearly(prenominal) of Teddys ears had been flamed in the volume, but in the picture only his left one is. The name of the mongrel dog was Chopper, whereas in the picture he is a golden retriever. The first name of the city manager who hands round as the presenter throughout the pie competition is altered from Charbonneau to Grundy and Verns nickname centime is not at all conveyed up.Gordie was moreover an enormous Red Sox admirer in the volume, and his respect for Ted Williams was renowned. This proportion is in no way affirmed in the picture, and given that Gordie is eager to be dressed in a New York Yankees cap, it is extremely improbable (IMDB, pp. 1). An additional distinguished dissimilarity flanked by the book and the picture is the nature of the store clerk. In the volume, he was an irritable individual who attempts to deceive Gordie of his cash two generation and shouted heatedly at him as he left the supermarket.In the picture, he is a affected and understanding man wh o is inquisitive about Gordies individual existence, and who identifies with with Gordie over Dennys termination, as he himself misplaced a brother throughout the Korean War. On the other hand, in the film it green goddess be seen that the grocer endeavors to place his thumb on the level, until learning of Gordies relation to Denny. The all the samet hands out as an additional illustration of Gordies world, wedged among not to be relied on adults and dependence on the reminiscence of his brother Denny.Stand by Me founds a great deal concerning Gordies relations than the novel does. In the volume, the era of Gordies parents are stated during the instance the boys investigated for the remains and the age of Gordies beat was when she happened to be expecting a child with Dennis is also revealed none of this was revealed in the film. In the volume, Denny was in the armed forces at the instance of his decease. The film doesnt institute this, even though props in Dennys reach provide the thought that he was almost certainly out of high school and perhaps even in school when the misfortune took place.Considerably, the volume offers an epilogue that murder off not just the characters best pal, but all of the sustaining characters. In the Kings volume the smallest amount notable of destinies are assembled by the two characters whose fortunes are overlooked in the picture. Vern puts in flames when he passes out on a cigarette and Teddy is murdered in a car collide at some stage in a competition although he was sitting in the decease place (passenger side front seat with no airbags). In the manuscript and picture Chris Chambers is the disastrous number. Chris is recognized as supernaturally and fundamentally superior character by King.More for the reason that of his diamond in the rough temperament for his relations was serene of criminals and at that instance and municipality. Chris is rough and well-grown, but makes use of his adulthood to be a negotiator to a cer tain extent than a fighter. His appeasing propensity and ripeness are well-known constantly He is all the way through the book and movie the influence of a cause, protect his friends from equally substantial and affecting damage. Chriss bereavement is an untimely but appropriate surrender in a fast food eating place, he impulsively steps among two men who deport occupied in a knife-fight.Chris is cracked in the gullet, being contracted an immediate fatality. Gordie is the solitary survivor, a deliberately translucent demonstration of King himself, who exists on and engraves, but with none of his friends. Note that in a vision succession subsequent the notorious parasite progression in the volume King demonstrates his ambivalence to early days friends,envisioning his associates as acquisitive to his appendage and covering him, and announcing that acquaintances simply hold you down. The belt down of his best companion Chris take him back that he will in no way cod associates like that once more. The final penalty is just exposed in the novel the destiny of the rival, Ace. To a certain extent than the rapid bereavement decided to Chris, Teddy, and Vern, Ace is observed by Gordie years later on in a restricted inn his jagged features become softer by fat, grown-up old earlier than his time. Gordies conquest is that of existing well. Conclusion From the above comparison and contrast, it is quite evident that there were a number of differences in the book and movie that portrayed it. The plot, characters, sequences all had one or another difference.On the substantial the movie is an average illustration of the book giving the moral of loving and helping friends and how a concourse of friends can move on. The book is very near to the life of Stephen King as he sees himself in Gordie and tries to give him such a character in which Stephen King saw him in his life.ReferencesIMDB (the Internet movie database) Stand by me, 1986. (2009)Retrieved on 30th January 20 09 from http//www. imdb. com/title/tt0092005/ King, Stephen. The Body. Published by Recorded Books, LLC. Pp75 (1984)

Educating Rita Essay

How does Willy Russell use dramatic devices to translate the change in character and relationship in Rita and inconsiderate.In this essay I will be exploring the dramatic devices Willy Russell uses to show the changes in characters and the development in relationships.One of the dramatic devices is the telephone. The telephone shows to me that postmark is the sort of person who never really socialises and only cares about himself and his always in his own world.The telephone rings and startles him,.This stage centering supports my point because the intelligence startles implies that he is shocked about the phone call as if no-one ever calls him, the word startles, also implies that he is not focusing on what is going on around him and what he is doing and he indulges in his drink.The set-back word picture I get of Frank is that he is emotionally unstable because he is always frantically searching for something in his bookcase, and he is constantly saying random letters and nam es,E,Ec,E.I also got the impression that Frank is not really interested in his job working at the university also I got the impression that Frank has always wanted to do something other than teaching, in the plastic film Frank is in a completely different world when his is in a lecture as well that Frank doesnt really seem that interested in teaching the students at all. some other(prenominal) dramatic device Willy Russell uses is the door, the door in Franks study is same(p) a parapet between him and his students,Im comin in, arent I? You wanna get that bleedin handle fixed.This supports my point because the fact that Frank is not in the slight bit interested to fix the door and he knows the door is ineffectual to open easily shows me that he is deliberately trying to keep out his students and his co-workers , this also shows me that he has a lot to hide because he is constantly in his study.The door projects the emotions of Rita before she opens the door,theres another knock on the door.This suggests that Rita is nervous and she wants to get her interview over and done with.I destine Rita would be nervous because she is stepping into a world where she doesnt fit in and where she stands out from other students because she comes from a humble class, also I think that Rita is nervous because she is breaking away from the traditional role expected of lower class women in the 1970s.Im I shouldve had a baby by now. Everyone expects it.The offshoot impression I received from Rita is shes a lower class woman who is trying something new for the first and would probably give up later a while,Because I might decide to pack it in.During knead 1 Scene 1 Rita shows that she is really determined to become a student and educate herself.Its not sudden. Ive been realising for ages that Im out of step.The relationship between Frank and Rita has been strong since the base because Frank saw something unique in Rita that his other students dont cod,Youre the first conf idential information of fresh air thats been in this way of life for years.This quote shows the strength of relationship between Frank and Rita because earlier he was talking about throwing his students out of his study window, Frank doesnt really interact with his students in the way he does with Rita.I think that Frank feels that Rita is portraying the life he would be intimate to have away from annoying students who analysis everything.Willy Russell uses the window as another dramatic device , I think that the window is significant because it shows a connection between Frank and the outside world, the window shows changes in Rita when she comes back from summer school , in the film when Frank was looking out of the window he acknowledges Rita sitting down on the bench and approaches her showing the breaking of the bar whereas before he would have been completely oblivious to what is going on around him.Earlier in the play the breaking of the barrier by Frank was suttle,youre t he first breath of fresh air thats been in this room for years.This shows the breaking of the barrier of the two classes because it shows that they can get along.The change in Rita is shown by the window after summer school because in the beginning of the film , Rita hid away from the students and she looked down onto the students on the crazy weed when she was in Franks study , But when she came back Rita mingles in with the students and pushes Frank to go out an sit on the grass with them.lets go out there. On the grass.This shows that shes breaking out of her shell and shes mixing in with the middle class and she is not standing out anymore.During the time Rita was at summer school, I think she changed remarkably in her knowledge and the language she used.Blake, William Blake.This quote supports my point because at the beginning she would have referred the poet to a person in the lower class that frank has never heard of but now she is analysing and presently naming poets off b y heart because at the end of Act 2 Scene1 she recited one of William Blakes poem The Songs Of Innocence.The Dramatic devices Willy Russell uses shows a lot of emotion between Frank and Rita , because Frank is an image Rita would like to have knowledge wise and vice versa , like the window showed a lot of changes so did the door. The first impression I get of Ritas and Franks relationship is a student and teacher relationship, but as the play progresses their relationship turns into a more personal one.The play of Educating Rita was mainly based on Willy Russells life and the changes he had to go through , I feel that the dramatic devices Willy Russell uses are very favored in showing the changes in relationship and life of Rita and Frank.