Network Assignments

Kim Doe Jung is a commercial attachà © in the Korean embassy. She works as an investment and financial consultant providing useful information and data to those interested to invest in Korea. Prior to the interview we had met at a luncheon organized in our college by the Korean Embassy. The luncheon was targeting students wishing to take their post graduate studies in a foreign country. Also invited along with students were business persons with an interest of investing in the expanding economy of Korea. Kim Doe Jung was a guest speaker and I was able to secure an interview through the help of one of my father’s friend who works in the embassy. She is an MBA graduate from a Korean University specializing in financial matters. The mere thought of interviewing was exciting and inspiring too. She had been able to accomplish what I have always looked forward to; she has my dream career. The interview took place inside the Korean Embassy’s expansive offices. She has a beautiful office facing the oval offices from afar. I was taken right up to her 3rd floor office by a security officer and she received me cordially which was rather flattering as I believed she had to be a very busy person. I had a large interest in knowing what her work duties and responsibilities entail. A commercial attachà © she told me was generally an agent of her own country, sent to a foreign land to represent her country’s commercial and financial affairs in that foreign land, I was hoping for a more specific answer and to get it I asked her to describe her typical average day to me. She arrives early in the morning, the first thing she does is to update the ambassador on any developments in her field. Then businessmen and women start coming in with all manner of issues. Some would wish to enquire on the likely trend that the inflation in Korea is taking and what the government is doing about it, how their investments are doing, any viable investment opportunities available. Koreans also drop by just for a casual visit, others have solid reasons like wishing the Korean government to negotiate for   trading concessions and low export duties for their goods. This is her typical day. Day in day out she is supposed to have answers to these questions as well as be able to analyze the recommendations she receives from the public. Her answers enabled me to have an idea of what to expect in my career dreams and was able to get from her responsibilities the enormity of the challenges a career diplomat goes through. To her, being a diplomat job is quite a challenge and ideal candidates for the job have to exercise diligence and good work ethics. One has to have high analytical and communication skills, be a team player, have a willingness to learn new things, physical stamina to withstand long working hours and ability to cope and interact with persons of diverse communities. This was very helpful, and this being my dream career, I was able to know the areas I needed to improve on as well as appreciating my strengths (Zachary Bromer, n.d). The working conditions are just marvelous as I could discern from what I could see: her office was smart and exotically furnished with expensive Korean rugs, she was also expensively dressed. She told me that her job is well paying as one has to be well compensated for accepting to work overseas away from her family. This interview, I must say, was an eye opener. It was my first interview with a person of such a high social standing and who represents interest of a far away state. Her confidence and intelligence were equally inspiring. Now I have a strong conviction to follow my intended career path, armed with the information that she gave to me.I have to act with reasonable diligence, work to improve on my strengths and weaknesses to achieve my life time goal of a career diplomat. Reference: Zachary Bromer, Salary.com contributor; Dream job: diplomat Available online at http://www.salary.com/careers/layouthtmls/crel-display-cat10-ser136-par236.html Accessed

Notes Safety Management

Definition of Terms: Accident – an unplanned, undesired event that may result in harm to people, damage to property or loss to process. Near miss or near accident – an incident resulting in neither an injury nor property damage. Hazard – is any existing or potential condition in the workplace that by interacting with other variables, can result in death, injuries, property damage, and other losses. Hazard control -involves developing a program to recognize, evaluate, and eliminate (or at least reduce ) the destructive effects of azards arising from human errors and from conditions in the workplace.Loss control – is accident prevention, achieved through a complete safety and health hazard control program. Loss control involves preventing employee injuries, occupational illnesses, and accidental damage to the company's property. It also includes preventing injuries, illnesses, and property damage that may involve visitors and the public. Responsibility †“ is having to answer to higher management for activities and results. Authority- the right to correct, command, and determine the courses of action. Delegation – the sharing authority and responsibility with others.Even though we delegate responsibility, we cannot be completely relieved of it. Accountability – an active measurement taken by management to ensure compliance with standards. Safety Management: Safety Management will help us understand our safety responsibilities, take positive actions to prevent accidents, and give you a way of measuring how well we perform our safety duties. As a necessary part of the management process, hazard control is made up of safety audits and evaluation, sound operating and design procedure, perator training, inspection and testing programs, and effective communication regarding hazards and their control.A hazard control program coordinates shared responsibility among departments and underscores the interrelationships among wor kers, their equipment , and the work environment. Many of us mistakenly believe that accidents are only those incidents that result in serious injuries. If a minor injury or property damage results in an accident, some supervisors shrug off the incident and return to their routine work. They let the results of an accident determine their evel of interest in investigating its causes and preventing a recurrence.But we know that the results of an accident ( the degree of loss resulting from it ) are a matter of chance. It would be better to try to control the hazards that lead to accident than try to minimize, the damage done once and accident occurs. Loss control through accident prevention must be accomplished at all times. During safety inspection, be alert for anything that may cause an accident, such as tripping hazards, fire hazards, poorly stacked materials, poor housekeeping, safeguards are missing from machines, nd/or unsafe worker practices.Safety responsibilities cannot be s eparated from the other parts of your work. The best way to describe your Job is to say that you are responsible for safe production. Safety Responsibility as Performance Measure: Areas ot Responsibility: There are tour areas that supervisors must control: 1 Production 2. Quality 3. cost 4. Loss control Production, quality, cost, and loss control are of equal importance in measuring Job performance and cannot really be separated. When you accept a supervisory Job, you lso assume responsibility for the safety of your people.Every supervisor in any company is responsible for the safety of his or her workers. The top manager cannot handle all the details of every Job, so he or she delegates accident prevention responsibilities, along with commensurate authority, to various middle managers. In turn, the middle manager, will delegate responsibility for safety and accident prevention to the supervisor. Thus, you are accountable to your manager for accident prevention, Just as he or she is accountable to the top manager.

Community Based Participatory Planning As Renovation Policy Environmental Sciences Essay

City of Tehran is enduring from huge dilapidated countries which involve both societal every bit good as physical diminution. This job has been reflected in urban development policies that have been established by authorities governments every bit good as the metropolis counsellors and private stakeholders. To face with this job, Tehran municipality has established a chief redevelopment organisation. During the last decennaries assorted policies has been adapted and implemented by this organisation. The paper would reexamine and analyse these policies and the result of their executions. The policies vary from strictly physical redevelopment of the dilapidated countries which does non requires the engagement of the local occupant in the planning and design procedure and have relied wholly on cardinal determination devising and support. On the manus, participatory planning procedure was promoted and new attacks have been adopted to profit from the bing societal capital and to construct upon the strengths of the occupants and their societal webs to suggest programs and to implement them. Khazaneh is located in southern Tehran, and is the focal point of an existent redevelopment undertaking reported in this paper. Here a participatory planning attack is adapted and new local councils are established to seek occupants ‘ penetrations into the local program and to inform them of the thoughts of contrivers. This has provided a bipartisan planning system, which is embracing both the ends of the cardinal planning system every bit good as the purposes of the local community. Keywords-Tehran, Dilapidated vicinities, Renovation, Participation.IntroductionCities are unrecorded entities that are dynamic and active and are invariably restituting themselves cell by cell. Cities grow bit by bit, during which vicinities are shaped. As dynamic entities, their physical quality and societal position alteration over clip. This dynamic being normally self-repairs itself in both physical and societal sense. However sometimes this natural procedure of determining and reshaping is interrupted or malfunctioned. At such times/places, the natural growing procedures are non equal to keep the quality of life and environment. This malfunction may be due to absolute poorness as in slum status, or due to comparative poorness and inequality which itself causes a barbarous circle. In this state of affairs normally deprived countries take form and as a consequence, dilapidated vicinities go a world of metropoliss. To interrupt this barbarous circle it is required to step in and mend the malfunction of these metropoliss, to be able to make the ego fix and eliminate the bedraggled vicinities. Normally any intercessions to cover with rundown countries of metropoliss in order to heighten quality of life are conducted from top-down, as it is normally conducted by governments with small engagement of occupants. Any intercession without citizen engagement has societal, economical, cultural and political effects that should be considered. One the most of import negative responses is opposition of citizen to any betterment of the vicinity as they do non swear governments.techniques of redevelopmentsIn order to restitute dilapidated vicinities assorted methods can be adopted. Habibi and Maghsoudi ( 2005 ) acknowledge four types of intercessions in the deprived vicinities. Preservation and healthful method: that enhances environmental qualities Preservation and adorning method: that enhance and continue the picturesque and architectural quality of the metropolis, such as continuing ocular corridors and old edifices and making a feasible construction for the vicinities Rebuilding of metropoliss: as it happens after any catastrophes. Man made or natural catastrophes. This method of redevelopment is aimed to retrace national pride. Renovation of bedraggled vicinities can done with any of this methodsDilapidated vicinity in metropolis of TehranTehran, the capital and largest metropolis of Iran is located in southern inclines of Alborz Mountains and is stretched over 40 kilometers to the south towards desert. Teheran is merely 200 old ages old, and merely during the past half century had a rapid population growing and physical enlargement. The metropolis had a really fast growing during both the 2nd Pahlavi rein and particularly the past one-fourth century after the Islamic Revolution. Rundown vicinities are the sad world of metropolis of Tehran. Dilapidated or rundown vicinities are the most of import job of metropolis of Tehran, as: The country of the bedraggled vicinity in Tehran is 3268 hectare which is 15 % of the metropolis country About of half of the lodging units of the metropolis are located in this vicinities Approximately 40 % of Tehran ‘s population is populating in these vicinities. They are among the poorest people of the metropolis. Physical, functional, substructure, transit services, environmental factors, societal and economical status are really hapless in these countries. Unhealthy life conditions and risky locations Most of these countries are located in the southern portion of the metropolis Table I compares the services degrees of these countries with norm of these indexs in the metropolis degree. As can be considered lodging countries is twice as it is the remainder of the metropolis which a mark of instability. Table I Comparing per centum and per capita of land utilizations in bedraggled vicinity and metropolis of Tehran Land usage Dilapidated Vicinities Average in City of Tehran Proposed criterion for Tehran Percentage Per capita Percentage Per capita Residential 29.04 18.76 23.54 22.77 20.93 Green countries 3.63 1.39 8.46 8.18 9.12 Urban services 5.35 2.05 6.03 5.84 10.9 Retails and offices 5.30 2.03 3.47 3.36 1.94 Transportation system and storage 1.79 .69 4.49 4.34 5.19 Roadss 27.32 10.45 18.73 18.11 24.81 Some of the physical indexs of decrepitude of vicinities as defined by ministry of lodging and urban planning in 1999 are ; A- Poor quality of the constructions of the edifices that can non defy even low magnitude temblor forces, B- unequal permeableness of vicinities specially unequal auto entree to such countries. C- Small grain in the morphology of these countries ( less than 200 square metres ) . In add-on to the above standards of acknowledging dilapidated vicinities harmonizing to different definitions the common standards for acknowledgment of these types of vicinities are: Lack of societal, economic every bit good as physical quality Lack of proper entree, substructure and services in the vicinities Vulnerability of constructions to natural catastrophes due to old and unstable constructions Inability to restitute edifices due to poorness and deficiency of capital for investing Out migration of occupants and societal instability due to replacement of new occupants with weaker economical base Legal jobs due to inheritance Torahs and endowment ordinances Some of the jobs that rose in Tehran due to the dilapidated countries are: Economic and societal inequality as a consequence of polarisation in the metropolis ( Abbaszadegan, Rezazadeh 2006 ) . Domination of physical orientated urban planning that does non concern with societal and economical conditions Lack of handiness due to narrow and unequal roads which causes hapless permeableness of vicinities Low value of belongingss in the disadvantaged countries of the metropolis, therefore the redevelopment of the private land and belongingss is non economically plausible Lack of adequate and appropriate services Low building quality which causes edifices to rundown quicklyPrecedence TO RENOVATION OF TEHRANHowever urban redevelopment was an issue in Tehran, after entry and blessing of Tehran ‘s maestro program in 1969, the issue gained a new impulse. This program proposed 2000 hectares of the lowest quality residential vicinities to be renovated within a 25 old ages period, in which 600,000 people would be replaced from their topographic points of abode. Tehran ‘s Renovation Corporation was established in 1972 and in 1977, the South Tehran Renovation and Reconstruction Corporation was established where extended dilapidated countries of the metropolis were located. In 1995 a new mission statement for the redevelopment corporation was developed harmonizing on which this corporation could advance development in these countries through funding. This funding is through Bankss and other fiscal institutes and could besides be through portions every bit good as credits. Since 2004 authorization programs for bedraggled countries were proposed ; this was conducted in three stages. After execution of each stage the programs were evaluated and the range of the work was revised. This alterations and alterations were chiefly off from the up-bottom type attack towards a stronger citizen participatory attack. Renovation Corporation of Tehran assigned the undermentioned ends for redevelopment of bedraggled vicinities: Safety: increasing safety of edifice in facing Earth temblors. Equity: to do equal chance for development of the metropolis and non to hold polarized metropolis by regenerating dilapidated vicinities and eradicate poorness, heightening quality of life in the disadvantaged countries and doing equal chances for all citizens of the metropolis. Revival: heightening sense of citizenship and sense of belonging to districts and giving significance to topographic points through utilizing individuality component and maximising engagement of occupants in redevelopment procedure in the disadvantaged countries Capacity edifice: utilizing chances that have been offered for the redevelopment of bedraggled vicinities in order to increase the capacity of the metropolis in conformity with its national, regional and international functions.THE CONTEMPORARY RENOVATION PROCESSThe Reconstruction of Tehran shows a transition from the autocratic Reconstruction towards participatory Reconstruction. One of the major Reconstruction undertakings of Tehran is related to Navaab vicinity. This old and dilapidated vicinity was located in southern parts of Tehran, which is now dissected with a north-south main road into two parts. The Reconstruction of the next vicinity has been conducted without seeking any engagement from the people. These intercessions were chiefly technocratic, autocratic and top-bottom. The occupants of these three vicinities were chiefly hapless and vulnerable and in all instances they were displaced. Merely in the last two instances, the Moft Abad and Khoob Bakht neighborhoods the supplanting was into the nearest possible topographic point to their old vicinity. Jabbari and Hasanzadeh ( 2008 ) have shown that these vicinities which are revitalized through a top-down and autocratic attack have confronted many jobs. These jobs are summarized in table II. TABLE II THE EXPERIENCE OF RENOVATION IN THREE DIFFERENT NEIGHBORHOODS IN TEHRAN Standards Salsabil Moft Abad Khoob Bakht Intervension attack Technocratic, autocratic and top-down Technocratic, autocratic and top-down Technocratic, autocratic and top-down Socio-economic group Poor and vulnerable Poor and vulnerable Poor and vulnerable Placelessness much Not known Not known supplanting Compulsory ( completed ) Compulsory in next countries Voluntary in outlying countries ( In advancement ) Compulsory in next and outlying countries ( In advancement )Engagement IN URBAN RENOVATIONContrasting to the autocratic attack is the participatory attack which is a bottom-up attack and seeks citizen engagement. Participatory planning is an urban planning paradigm which emphasizes affecting the full community in the strategic and direction procedures of urban planning or community-level planning procedures. In urban redevelopment procedure, engagement is a new attack which could be applied in both planning and design procedure. Cowan ( 2005 ) believes that engagement is a procedure in which involved the populace with the alterations in the metropolis, therefore its application would supply a key to development in all facets of urban life. Harmonizing to Oxford dictionary engagement is people ‘s mental and emotional engagement in societal activities and encourages them to assist each other in order to accomplish group ends. Here the three chief issues of importance in engagement are involvement, helping and undertaking duty. Sherry Arnstein ( 1971 ) introduced this construct as a contrasting and alternate to autocratic attack of planning. Smith ( 1973 ) argued that citizen engagement is an indispensable component in doing the planning procedure a acquisition system. This leads to a strengthening of the definition and function of communities in the urban system, and to an unexpected demand of contrivers who would follow a participatory planning procedure. Shirvani ( 1985 ) identifies two types of attacks in the overall strategy ; these are facilitator attack and political militant attack. Harmonizing to Shirvani ( 1985 ) , facilitator attack uses participatory methods for both job definition and coevals of design solution. Sanoff ( 2000 ) defines facilitation as ‘a agencies of conveying people together to find what they wish to make and assisting them find ways to work together in make up one's minding how to make it ‘ . Sherry Arnstein ( 1971 ) equates citizen engagement with citizen authorization which explains it through the participatory ladder. It starts from the lowest degrees of engagement which are use and therapy to middle scope of engagement which includes ratting, confer withing and conciliation, and eventually at the highest degree of engagement are partnership, deputing power and eventually citizen control. As is seen in lower degrees of the engagement ladder, the act is merely formal and there are non any true power handed into the citizens. However at the in-between scope there are non much to lose, so informing and confer withing are practiced. However the highest degrees involve passing in power to citizens. In Tehran, there was an enthusiasm toward application of participatory planning in redevelopment procedure. However, this attack has non been really successful at first, since in this procedure supplying fiscal resources and societal support were hard. During the first two old ages of its beginning merely 400 residential units were renovated and occupants were non take parting in the procedure as was expected, which disappointed Members of Tehran City Council. However, for a successful participatory planning attack, the procedure must be turned into a procedure of increasing enthusiasm and passion for redevelopment. This includes: Increasing degree of services Enhancing the quality of life Bettering the societal position Promoting sense of topographic point fond regard Following this alteration of attitude and attack, go forthing the autocratic Reconstruction and using participatory attack, the Renovation Corporation of Tehran, had to alter the range of the work in three stages. Table III compares these three stages. There are considerable alterations in favour of increasing citizenship power. One of these alterations which were proposed in the 3rd stage was constitution of Local Renovation Offices. Table III PHASES OF RENOVATION SCOPE OF WORK AND APPROACH Phases and undertakings Scope of work Approachs and Actions Phase I 2006-2007 Imam Ali Classifying societal groups Appraisal of safety and security issues Survey of societal issues through questionnaire Designation of stakeholder groups Maximum intercession Provision of 4 secret plan agglomeration programs without societal study Procurement of land and devastation of edifices to make unfastened infinites Stress on appropriate physical design Phase II 2007-2008 Saboonpaz-khaneh Analyzing population denseness and socio-economic diverseness Interview with stakeholders and helpers Sing development and effectual treating societal institutes for execution procedure Establishing Local Office was discussed, but non realized Presence in mosques to inform people and do usage of their thoughts Investigating societal capital Regular intercession Participating in public meetings and listening to occupants Discontinuing informing people and public engagement procedure Reducing figure of agglomerative packages, normally restricting to two packages Continuing the bing local construction and forestalling high degrees of intercession Leaving redevelopment of residential packages to occupants Proposing stimulating undertakings Phase III 2008-2010 Khazaneh Differentiation between demographic and societal surveies Sing the quality of occupant ‘s leisure clip Investigating occupants ‘ demands Investigating positive and negative societal features Stressing the function of civil establishments and vicinity councils Measuring societal capital and its function in redevelopment Acknowledging of formal and informal webs of power in vicinity Establishing Local Renovation Office for audience 1- constitution of the office 2- advancing engagement of stakeholder groups 3- developing the local redevelopment commission 4- participatory planning Minimizing intercession Supplying necessary public services Supplying appropriate residential types Developing incorporate programs with advisers in next countries Developing proposal in 3 types of upper limit, lower limit and regular intercession Stress on redevelopment promoting undertakings Establishing the vicinity Renovation Office for informing, showing and polishing program based on occupants ‘ demands Stressing structural support Supplying awards for agglomeration of packages Increasing FAR for larger agglomerative packages Developing specific guidelines for the countryLocal redevelopment officeIn 2008 Renovation Corporation of Tehran decided to establish local redevelopment offices in bedraggled vicinities. The chief committee of these offices was to ease the occupants ‘ engagement in the redevelopment procedure. The Scopess of work of these offices are: Facilitation: to acknowledge stakeholders and doing regular meeting with occupants Publicizing and publicity: to heighten economic and societal position Commiting: to advance forming societal every bit good as economical groups that advocate redevelopment and rehabilitation of the deprived vicinities. Members of these offices are from local territory boroughs, local counsellors, local clergy, members of local stakeholders such as adult females ‘s leaders, local retail representatives. One of these offices has been established in Khazaneh vicinity that is one of the bedraggled vicinities in southern Tehran. Writer of this article was involved in activities of this office during 2008-2010. One of the challenges that this office was faced with was happening common land to discourse jobs, as different stakeholders preferred to raise their ain issues. Therefore it was critical to hold their assurance that all the issues will be dealt with harmonizing to the precedences of the vicinity as it was put frontward by the local council.DecisionThe redevelopment experience in metropolis of Tehran shows that in any urban intercession in order to restitute the bedraggled vicinities, it is critical to hold clear schemes that maximize citizen engagement and continue the spirit of topographic point. Sing the above scheme the undermentioned recommendations are advised: In the planning scheme human cost and benefit should be considered as the chief indexs of redevelopment policy Residents should actively take part in be aftering their hereafter, as they should be good informed and portion of planning procedure Residents ‘ function in all the programs should be crystalline The governments and local counsellors should move transparent so that occupant can swear their activities and programs All kinds of engagement techniques and proper methods of communicating should be employed in order to understand the local jobs and issue and reassigning thoughts and programs in order to acquire equal responses Any kind of gentrification is non recommended If replacing of occupants is necessary, it should be clearly explained, as of how it affects different groups and stakeholders. Different planning and design options should be presented in order to supply assorted picks for occupants Assorted local capacity and invention should be recognized Non-governmental organisations should be mobilized for the redevelopment of deprived countries and they should take part in different phases of planning and design procedure Encouraging policies should be considered in order to carry occupants to restitute their summation houses and edifices

ATOD Personal Theoretical Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ATOD Personal Theoretical Paper - Essay Example As such, there is a need for prevention and treatment to avoid the condition to worsen and eventually, destroy certain parts of the body, such as the liver and kidney. Aside from its effects on a biological perspective, drug abuse also has a greater impact in the social and psychological aspects of the patient. And with this comes different perspectives interpreting the condition of drug abuse. The psychosocial aspect impacted by the condition has created several theories that allow the patient, the family and the society to understand the effects of such condition. Drug abuse is not something that affects the patient alone but it has a way of dragging the immediate circle of people that the patient is in contact with. It also extends to the people of the society since drug abuse has become a nationwide issue because of the number of cases that are reported. A recent popular approach to the study of drug abuse is the biopsychosocial approach. Compared to psychological approach, which sees drug abuse as a condition wherein the patient attaches itself to drug abuse to deal with personal needs and conflicts, the biological approach, which see drug abuse as a tendency of the body to crave for the dependency on the effects of the drugs abused, and social approach, which interprets drug abuse as something that is related to social conflicts and the need to belong, the biopsychosocial approach interprets drug abuse as a condition that combines and interrelates all three approaches. It does not deny or attempt to isolate the factors and the effects of drug abuse. It in fact seeks to understand how it creates a circular pattern that connects all three approaches. It is not a general approach to understanding drug abuse but is a specific approach that aims to see the different factors affecting all processes of the human mind and body. It may see m like a grand approach to understanding the condition and yes, it could be when interpreted wrongly. But

Integrated marketing communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Integrated marketing communication - Essay Example The target groups that are used with the carbon footprint of the UK and the government is one that is identified by the awareness of global warming and reducing the carbon footprint. The approach is one which is dependent first on finding individuals that are interested in the carbon footprint reduction and which has the ability to alter and change the way that the government is able to create a response to riding the bus and train. The target groups will first need to be divided by those that drive and commute to work from different segments and sections of the town. By approaching demographics by area and by work sections, there will be the ability to show the convenience that is a part of the carbon footprint. Combining this with the encouragement and awareness will provide even more opportunities for the target groups and the expectations that are associated with this. The target group by demographic and areas in which individuals are located is one which is followed by enhancing the target group with communication techniques. The individuals will need to see the benefits of commuting to work. Convenience, saving the environment, reducing the carbon footprint and supporting government initiatives is some of the communication techniques which can be used. Combining this with the informative viewpoint of the carbon footprint will help to encourage even more drivers to take the bus or train while motivating individuals to find convenient and simplistic ways to reduce the carbon footprint.... As this grows, there will be the ability to expand the mediums into a sense of digital connectivity and word of mouth advertising to increase the popularity of commuting potential (Winer, 2009: 15). The ability to work with IMS is one which can further the communication by allowing users to work specifically with the options for commuting. The IMS is one that is combined with looking at segments that may be interested in different types of commuting options. Combining this with efforts for digital connections will enhance the communication that is used. Instead of creating benefits that are only based on the expectations and benefits, word of mouth and consumer interaction can help to produce a different level of popularity to the commute while creating a different dynamic toward various segments. This will also provide feedback to increase the commute options, specifically with providing the target markets with integrated options for better commuting, easier ways of connecting to ot hers and alternatives to increase the concepts of using a commute option as opposed to the need to have convenience within the workspace (Jiang, 2010: 33). 2. The Brockholes location is one which requires a segmented market between businesses for conference bookings and the entertainment that is available for families. These specific target markets can further be divided by interests, specifically because of the adventure trails, visitor center and discovery areas. The food shop and gift shop as well as specialized activities for wild birds can help provide even more alternatives to those that are looking at the different options for the conference bookings and family visits. To create the right approach, there needs to be communication about

Brand management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brand management - Essay Example However, the only thing common between both the pearls is the quality, natural beauty and value of the pearl which is left only to nature. Figure 1 The Australian, 2011 Pearls can be pear-shaped, oval and at times misshapen; but the most valuable pearls for all sorts of consumers will be the round, smooth and free from marks. A strand of pearls which fits directly to the throat is a collar. The one which rests on the neck is a choker. The princess length of the strand would be the one reaching the collarbone while the matinee is 20-24 inches and Opera is 30-36 inches. Rope is all the other strands that are more than 36 inches. These are important details to understand the consumer perceptions and tastes in the pearl industry. Another aspect which is important is the origin and types of pearls. Natural pearls are the most precious pearls and unfortunately the rarest. They were originated in the Persian Gulf and have already been harvested at large. The ones available in the market tod ay are small in sizes and immensely costly. There was a time when consumers did not buy anything but natural pearls, but today the perceptions have changed. The cultured pearls are widely available and produced in pearl farms. They have contributed majorly to the pearl market today. These cultured pearls produced through a delicate process. The pearls formed through this process are not always high quality. These pearls are sorted and about 10,000 are discarded before a 16 inch strand is assembled of high quality pearls. Figure 2 Morning Dove Studios, 2012 Pearls are also found in saltwater and freshwater where there are different types of mollusks and thus they produce pearls that are different looking. Saltwater pearls are the akoya cultured pearls which are grown in Chinese and Japanese waters. These pearls are very tiny starting from 2mm to 10mm, and are cream or white colored with a round shape. They are cheaper due to their sizes. The Australian, Indonesian and Philipinnian pe arl is the South Sea pearl which is the largest pearl of all. Their size is about 9mm to 20mm and is cream, white or golden colored. The South Sea pearls are the most expensive ones as they are rare and have thick nacre. The Tahitian pearls have sizes ranging from 8mm to 16mm and they are not only found in Tahiti but also on French Polynesia islands. These pearls are known as the black pearls but are gray, green, purple, blue and black colored. Black pearls are also found in Fiji, Cook Islands and Micronesia. They are expensive. Figure 3 Chinese Pearls (United Nations University, 2013) Figure 4 Black Pearls (squidoo, 2013) Freshwater pearls grow in lakes, ponds and rivers mostly in China. Most of these pearls have the same size and shape as akoya pearls but may also be different. They are comparatively cheaper and the most common of all pearls sold. These pearls may not have the nucleus of the bead hence having thicker nacre. Imitation pearls are pearls that have a coated glass bead . These have high luster which can be easily separated from a cultured pearl by a knowledgeable jeweler. Sometimes it becomes a challenge to identify the imitated and the cultural or natural but certified gemologists from the American Gem Society can easily do the job. These pearls may also be going through processes and treatments to enhance their color or luster, and this immensely affects their value. A consumer would never want to buy one! Some of the best pearl brands today are

Planet of the Apes Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planet of the Apes - Coursework Example These fossils suggest that two Eurasian ape lineages, the Siyapithecus and the Dryopithecus, are the ancestors of great apes and humans. The Siyapithecus are the presumably the forebears of the orangutan. The Dryopithecus are the ancestors of the African apes and humans. Unlike in Africa, full fossils of primates in Eurasia are not as abundant. The fossils of primates in Eurasia are mostly mandibles, teeth, and partial bone fragments. The first fossil primate found and named was Adapis parisiensis Cuvier 1822. This was a lemur found from the chalk mines of Paris. Cuvier, because of the mistaken belief that human origin came from Africa, thought his find was an ungulate. It was not until after Cuvier’s death that his student, Édouard Lartet, identified this first fossil as a higher primate. The Adapis parisiensis is now know as Pliopithecus. The Pliopithecus is a jaw. This and other evidence has convinced the skeptical scholars that these higher primates had once lived in Europe. The first fossil great ape, Dryopithecus, from the French Pyrà ©nà ©es was discovered in 1872. Many more ape jaws and teeth fragments, along with a few limb bones were found all over Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. These fossils suggest that two Euras ian ape lineages, the Siyapithecus and the Dryopithecus, are the ancestors of great apes and humans. A primitive ape and great ape’s differences began with their body size. A primitive ape is smaller than a great ape. A primitive ape had a body shaped like a monkey. This allowed treetop traveling, using all four limbs. With a long lower back, a flexible back, and a deep rib cage, treetop traveling was easy. Power and speed was enabled by flexible elbow, shoulder, and hip joints. These joints kept the limbs under the body. The arms and legs on a primitive ape were the same size. On the other hand, great apes were built to hang and swing from branch to branch. The

Recent debate about U.S. media content or expression that is allegedly Research Paper

Recent debate about U.S. media content or expression that is allegedly obscene - Research Paper Example This therefore means that even the media have the freedom of expression to air whichever programs they want as they are protected by the law. On the other hand, the Supreme Court which is the highest court in US has mandate to revoke or amend laws and even change case rulings of the smaller courts. They can therefore change the laws of Federal Communications Commission if need be to in any case. Cases have been documented whose ruling by the Supreme Court goes against the set laws by the Federal Communications Commission. One of the most famous of these cases is the FCC v. Pacifica Foundation and even another one between US and Fox stations over airing programs with obscene scenes between 6.00 am and 10.00 pm (which are the hours such programs are not supposed to be aired). The cases have been ruled in favor of the defense with them being charged only minimal fines or being released with warnings which is not the recommendation of Federal Communications Commission. According to Overbeck and Belmas in their book â€Å"major principles of media law 2012†, the debate over which rules against obscenity by the media are to be followed and which legal or government institution’s laws are to be in-charge started a long way back. There are several cases documented as well and most of them are ruled by the Supreme Court and usually the ruling does not fully follow the laws by FCC. The debate has therefore led to some media houses not being charged and others being over or under charged and hence not facing the full implications of their actions. This is especially so for medias like the internet where strict rules have not been enforced. The Supreme Court rules in favor of the first amendment in such cases especially because it is sometimes hard to provide evidence of such obscenity and hence ruling is either based on allegations or simply dismissed. The first amendment does not protect

Maketing Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maketing Report - Essay Example Currently, Fashion Sense is based on providing popular wear to teenagers and young adults. However, most of this caters to the youth that are in the United States. Since Fashion Sense is at an international level, there is the need to find popular trends that are based on newer concepts and fusion wear that can be used in different countries. To begin, Fashion Sense will need to develop a line of products and second brand name that can be used within a different market. To begin, there will be an analysis of the most popular areas that are looking into international trends which are considering the option of moving into Western styles. Fusion wear is now becoming popular in places such as Singapore, Eastern Asia and parts of India. However, the melting pot regions in these areas are also known to be more conservative than most of the Western wear styles. For Fashion Sense to move into this region is the need to develop a new line of products that is specific to each area, specificall y with a focus on trends and styles that are incorporated into the Eastern regions (Patel, 2010). Since international trends are becoming more popular in Eastern regions, but there are still cultural borders, Fashion Sense will be most effective by looking into a product line and brand name that is specific to each region. Creating a brand based on western wear while combining different aspects of ethnic looks will provide an appeal for trends that can easily be accepted in the culture while remaining fashion forward. More importantly, this line of products will help to diversify and establish the product line of Fashion Sense. By creating this branch of products, there will be the ability to move into more than one target market for youth while remaining fashion forward with the line of products. The traditional promotions of Fashion Sense will be the first way in which the line is promoted. The marketing mix of the product, price, place and promotion will be

Dance used in marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dance used in marketing - Essay Example Another reason for selecting dance for evaluation as a trend is because it has seemingly better reach to the audiences because it just not allows audiences to get entertained but also get awareness of the product. Some of the elements which have been specifically considered certain to this opinion paper are the constituents of this type of advertising. In other words, the musical interference of this advertising tool with the consciousness of the audiences has been marked as an informative aspect of the subject. The explanation of these elements and specific areas of the advertising tool have been done on the basis of its interference through TV commercials. There are other elements which have been notified throughout the opinion paper but the most important element which has been considered central to the evaluation of the advertising and marketing tool is sound element of dance as an advertising tool. In addition to the different elements which were chosen to breakdown the analysis of the trends of advertising, I used a number of books, artifacts and advertisements. These stimulus materials are easily accessible in the online databases. Some of the advertisements have also been attached below which gives a clear insight of how the dance is employed in advertising as a means to revive brand image in the mind of audiences. Special consideration was give to the ad entitled T-Mobile dance ad camping (see link below). These ads provide clear understanding of the ways dance is being used as the most effective way to built brand awareness which stays in the consciousness of audiences for longer period of time. In order to provide an illustrative yet interesting opinion on the subject of matter, I have employed careful skimming of ads which have employed dance as a tool for marketing. During the research for the ads which have employed dance technique to reach to the audience for the purpose of sharing awareness of the brands, there were a great a great deal of diffe rence in the presentation of the ads. Also, I had to skim down the ads using mechanism of categorization. There were marketing campaigns which employed dance as a competition for winning the hampers by the sponsored brand while on the other hand there was storyboard of the ads which were based upon expression through dance. By categorizing the ads, it became relatively easier for me to reflect on the dance tool of advertising. Furthermore, the expository reflection of the mechanism is evident in the book by Huntington (2011) which I have used in order to generate my opinions regarding the trends in advertising. Opinion Section: Marketing and advertisement are two exceptional and different forms of art that persuade people. Marketing and dancing forms are closely related in a sense that both are considered as vital expression of societal activities and these have a deep impact on societal members who intend to promote these art forms. Dance and techniques of marketing both are cognit ive in nature as they have great influence on psychological development of the people. In other words, it can be stated that advertising and dance are considered as the means of communication that divert attention of mass audience and create uniform passive thoughts in them. Use of dance in the advertisement is one of the most interesting and common approaches that contribute to grab an audience’s attention and interest in a more efficient manner today. Advertisement

Natural And Human Sciences. Biological and Social Theories of Essay

Natural And Human Sciences. Biological and Social Theories of Evolution - Essay Example â€Å"A theory is an explanation or model based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning, especially one that has been tested and confirmed as a general principle helping to explain and predict natural phenomena.† (Quoted in fsteiger.com) Theories are articulated and modified for the exploration of facts and realities on the foundation of deep observation, adequate evidence and critical examination of the available information. â€Å"The vehicle of all understanding†, Turner submits, â€Å"in science is theory. Theory is a way of answering the questions.† (2006, p. 2) Hence, theories establish principles and laws and add to the knowledge of scholars, intellectuals, philosophers and the masses as well regarding multiple disciplines and issues at large. Thus, theories are equally important in natural and social sciences for the establishment of various concepts and parameters in the light of which further developments are made in some specific field of knowle dge. Though both natural and human sciences consist of theories, yet difference in both these sciences can also be witnessed in their theoretical frameworks. Pure or natural sciences concentrate upon examination of natural, organic, inorganic, physical and nonhuman laws, rules and aspects related to the earth and universe. On the other hand, social or human sciences study the existing social, cultural, religious and psychological phenomena on scientific grounds. Physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, engineering, aeronautical science and pharmacy etc come under the definition of natural sciences, while sociology, theology, economics, history, psychology, philosophy and others are called human sciences. Though natural and human sciences appear to be entirely different from one another, yet they maintain many similarities and commonalities between them; almost same is the case with the theoretical frameworks related to both these forms of science. The similarities between the nature and scope of pure and human sciences can be analyzed as under: Biological and Social Theories of Evolution: Evolution theory enjoys a very important status in pure and social sciences. Though experiments had been made several times in past in respect of discovering the origin of humans and other living creatures, yet it was Charles Darwin who first time presented a comprehensive evolution theory on the basis of his in-depth research on fossil remains and living things including humans, fauna and flora in order to make a decisive conclusion regarding human evolution. Darwin has articulated his concept of natural selection in his world famous work On the Origin of Species, where he submits to state that it is the rule of nature that only the fittest and most suitable living creatures survive and multiply; the rest of the creatures start weakening, and eventually perish away with the passage of time. Hence, Darwin is of the opinion that those creatures and living things that have the a bility to adapt themselves according to the always changing natural and physical condition, survive and reproduce. On the other hand, the living things that either lack adaptability or sufficient strength necessary to defeat the external threats and impediments, are sure to expire, and thus lose the signs of their existence even. Darwin has submitted that the process of natural selection is the foundation of evolution of human generations. â€Å"As natural selection acts solely by the preservation of profitable modifications, each new form will tend in a fully stocked country to take the place of, and finally to exterminate its own less improved parent-form and other less favored forms, with which it comes into competition.† (1872, p.159) Darwin vehemently argues in favor of the notion natural

Food, Inc Essay Example for Free

Food, Inc Essay In America, whoever has the big bucks dictates how things are run. With money, there is no limit to what can be done in America. The documentary â€Å"Food Inc. produced by Robert Kenner and Eric Schlosser, takes an in depth look at America’s food industry and the terrible but completely legal way our food is genetically engineered. The narrator makes the argument that profit is put before the consumer’s well being,. The vision of the American farmer, workers safety, and our precious environment is far from the correct vision of the many major corporations that are producing our food. I firmly believe that these corporations have put aside and have deliberately tried to hide the truth about how unhealthy the food they produce truly is for the American public. The purpose of this video is to shock the American public with clever filmography and facts about the food Americans consume every day. The food industry is full of misconceptions. â€Å"Food Inc. † declares that the food industry is using deceiving images of American farmlands to sell their product. Images of lush green fields, picket fences, and 1930’s farmhouses is only a â€Å"spinning of a pastoral fantasy†. In reality the food being consumed is coming from mistreated animals and large factories all over the country. As the video continues, images of your typical everyday supermarket are cleverly displayed giving the audience something they can relate too. â€Å"There are no seasons in the American supermarket†. (Food Inc. ) The narrator gives details on how we as consumers get to enjoy ‘tomatoes’ all year round. He states that they were â€Å"grown half way around the world, picked when it was green and ripened with ethylene gas† (Food Inc. ). This is meant to inform the audience that what they are eating isn’t what it seems. It definitely makes viewers stop and think next time they are buying a tomato in winter. There has been little understanding and awareness of food in America until the film Food Inc. , which helped show the basis of how food is produced, packaged and sold locally in our grocery stores. We have been made to believe that local stores carry a wide variety of foods in all areas, including meats, dairy and especially in the fast food industry. A typical grocery store has on average 47,000 products and has made us to believe that there is a wide variety of choices inside the grocery store (Food, Inc. ). In today’s food industry most of the products are produced by only a few main companies which allow for cheaper foods in the stores. The current raw food production method has made a huge increase in our fast food companies since the 1950’s (Food, Inc. ). In fact, the production of our food has changed so much since the 1950’s, than the thousand years prior. The food industry which is controlled by only a few companies has turned the industry from the ordinary farmer, to the production of large quantities of food, feeding the nation at low costs which results in enormous profits for the producers. Because of this, health and safety of the food itself, how the animals are raised, the current method of workers being on assembly lines, and the consumer eating the food are now being overlooked by the companies and government; to provide cheap food regardless of the negative consequences. The reason for this innovation has been based on the advancement in science and technology which is a main reason for the negative side effects. With the addition of Carl’s Law, companies now come up with ways to throw more science at the problem to help eliminate the issues and not the root causes for the matter. I believe the message of Food Inc. s that most of what Americans now eat is being produced by a handful of huge corporations which is more detrimental to health, our environment and even our own human race. The horrible known facts about animal mistreatment and food contamination are being covered up by the secretive industry, by not talking to the filmmakers or let the insides of their companies be shown to the world, which include the enormous chicken farms, cattle ranches, slaughterhouses and the meatpacking plants. This film also said that â€Å"exploitation and malpractice in the meat industry were exposed as far back as Upton Sinclairs 1906 muckraking book, The Jungle. † Food Inc. , is a movie that address’s the voices of advocates, farmers, and journalists, to show what’s wrong with the food and what we can do about it. There are many factors that lead to the killing of the environment. There is a scene in the movie that shows cattle standing in about of a foot of its own feces. The feces that the cattle is standing in is full of harmful chemicals. Not only do the cattle have this bacteria in its body, but it is also spreading the bacteria in the ground, rivers, streams, etc. When it rains, the run off from these â€Å"farms† are affecting the health of the animals in the surrounding areas and further. The factories are polluting the air and killing more of the ozone layer due to the harmful chemicals that the factory is pushing out. It is sad to see how companies can allow cattle that will be slaughtered to stand in a foot of its bacteria infested feces, but worse to then see the cow be slaughtered and eventually be put on the shelves of grocery stores. There is no empathy on how the food is processed from beginning to end. Animals are treated horribly, known bacteria that they oversee and more important the health of the people consuming the products is not in any of the company’s top interest. All in all, this movie has shown me how brutal Americans can be to animals and how our own US Government seems not to care about its citizens health. I have learned to eat organic foods and to shop for produce only in season. The one question that kept arising in my mind during the movies was, I wonder where the food that the white house serves comes from. Is the president eating the same steroid injected chicken her is letting his country eat? It was a great movie and should, by law be shown in schools around the United States.

The Strategies to achieve competitive positions

The Strategies to achieve competitive positions Choose one of the four competitive positions mentioned in the strategy lecture and discuss, using examples, the marketing strategies an organisation would employ to achieve that position. Competitive strategies are chosen by firms depending on their roles in the market leader, challenger, follower or nicher. This essay will focus on firms who are market leaders and what marketing strategies are used to help them achieve that position. Every industry has its own market leader. Kotler, P. (2005) believes the market leader is one that has the largest market share or highest profitability margin in a given market for goods and services. Market leader often leads other firms in product innovation, price changes; distribution channels and promotion strategies. Good examples of market leaders would be Apple with their ranges of IPod, touch phones and tablet computer, Google with its search engine, social networking Facebook and Tesco (supermarket chains). Market leadership is extremely important. Almost every firm wants to be the first in the market. The reason is not only the revenue but it is because most customers prefer to buy from leaders. They perceive leaders to be better and they perceive leaders to be a safer purchase. Reference groups are great in influencing consumers behaviour. People tend to buy from where everyone else buys, this helps strengthening the leaders position. To become a market leader, a firm needs to own and control the relevant technology in whatever market it is in either through the use of patent or other proprietary protections. Moreover, it needs to adopt and implement better technologies directly, whenever they become available, regardless of whether or not any other organisations are currently using them. It is critical to be the first to use a technology or create a category for a product. Then make it an industry standard. Baines, P., Fill, C. Page, K. (2008) defined the two main strategies used by firms to achieve market leadership position are: Attack the market Defend the position Apart from expanding the total demand and protecting market share, the market leaders should try to expanding market share, even if market size remains constant (Kotler Gary, 2005). Forth strategy is proposed by Brassington, F Pettitt, S. (2006) who believed that companies should also seek stability and retention of customer base. In this essay, the four strategies will be analysed with appropriate examples of firms that applied those strategies successfully and firms that failed during competition. Attack the market Attack the market can be operated in different ways. The firms can create new uses, new consumers categories or increase frequency of use. This strategy is extremely popular as the dominant firm normally gains the most when the total market expands. In general, the market leader should look for new customers or more usage from existing customers. Every product has the potential of attracting buyers who are unaware of the product or who are still under consideration because of price or the products do not have some certain features. A company can search for new users among three groups: those who might use it but do not (market-penetration strategy), those who have never used it (new-market segment strategy), or those who live elsewhere (geographical-expansion strategy). Example: Johnson Johnson baby shampoo was losing market share due to birth rate declining, they had expand their customers segmentation, targeting adults which helped them regain their leader position. (New user) Kelloggs Crunchy Nut has expanded their ranges and introduced snack bars which increase frequency of use, relatively increase sales of the product. Defend the position/Protect market share The leader must constantly monitor the market because the market challenger is persistently trying to take away market share or worse, to replace the leaders position in the market. The firms can defend their positions in the market and their market share by monitoring their position, regular innovation; eliminate any weaknesses, price cutting and discount, increases promotion. Defend the position in the market is a difficult task for market leaders since they may be under attack from numbers of different competitors small to medium firms in the existing market or big players want to expand from a completely different industry. Although defence strategies may require a deployment of resources to defend different parts of the operation, it is hard of a challenger brand to dislodge a market leader if the market leader is actively defending territory. There are six different ways in defense strategy which are: Position defense (purely defensive is not enough, firms must take offensive counter-measure). It is considered as the least successful in the defense strategies. This defense was use by Mercedes until Toyota launched a frontal attack with its Lexus. Mobile defense (more than aggressively defend, stretches domain over new territories) E.g.: Legend Holdings, the top China PC maker Legend has announced a joint venture with AOL to broaden its business to provide Internet services in the mainland. Flanking defense (guarding territory is not enough, firms must create outposts/flanks to protect weak front and invasion base for counter attack) E.g. Gold Eagle is a flanking brand introduced by San Miguel in the Philippines as a defense against APBs Beerhausen. Contraction defense (strategic withdrawal: give up weak territories, concentrates strength and resources at more dependable areas). The market leader must make its own assessment to prioritise the importance of territories and should be willing to relinquish those that are not important to defend for those that are. E.g. Indias TATA Group sold its soaps and detergents business units to Unilever in 1993 or Ford retired T-birds and Probe to focus on Contour and Taurus. Pre-emptive defense (Detect potential attacks and attack the enemies first) Seiko with 2,300 watch models is considered as a successful example for this category while Heinz proved failure as they did not respond to Hunts attack which leaded to Hunt established a rival brand. Counter-offensive defense (Respond to competitors head-on attack by identifying the attackers weakness and then launch a counter attack) E.g. Toyota launched the Lexus to respond to Mercedes attack. Continuous innovation is considered as the best way to protect market share and is required for long-term leadership. When leaders become self-satisfied with their products or services, it becomes easier for the challenger to make progress. In large markets, small increases in market share can turn into great sales increases; a one-point gain in market share can be worth hundreds of millions of pounds. However not every firm understands the importance of continuous innovative process and often failed in retaining their positions in the market. Companies are hindered from investing and following through with innovation because they fear cannibalising established products (Tellis Golder, 1996). In order to protect mainframe sales, IBM obstructed its development of minicomputers and workstations while competitors kept making inroads into the mainframe market. Another reason why companies are less worried about innovation is that they are satisfied with their progress. Yahoo was satisfied with its social networking Yahoo 360Â  [1]Â  until the company started to lose market share to Facebook and Friendster in Asia. Thirdly, large bureaucracies can discourage innovations or slow the progress when companies bring new products to market. GM and IBM are well-known examples for this problem. Despite their technological strength and financial resources, both companies were slow to bring out new products because of their bureaucratic approval process. Firms that do well in continuous innovation are Apple, Procter Gamble. Apple was certainly not the first manufacturer to MP3 players but its iPod was totally different to anything else on the market at the time of its release. Apple has a large range of IPod from IPod shuffle, IPod Nano with stylish shapes or IPod classic for music lovers as they can hold a great number of files and IPod touch for multifunctional uses. The firm also introduced to its customers a range of IPhone from 2G-3GS and promising the new version of IPhone (IPhone 5) in 2011. Procter Gamble the worlds largest consumer products company- takes innovation seriously which shown in their heavily investment in innovative process. They outspend competition in Research and Development believing if they provide branded products of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the worlds consumers, consumers will reward them with leadership sales, profit and value creations. They are well-known for their open innovation outlook. As not all brilliant ideas are coming from internal, it is critically for firms to seek new ideas, innovations from outside. PG has introduced three different networks in which they encouraged their employees to interact with outside world or link different companies in different part of the world working towards a same goal. By doing this, they have received exceptional amount of new ideas, innovative products to increase sales and market share in consumers market. Expand market share Expand market share can gain great profits for the company but there is a drawback. Too many customers can put a strain on the firms resources, hurting product value and service delivery. Example: America Online experienced growing pains when its customer base expanded, resulting in system outages and access problems (Kotler Keller, 2006). Consumers may also infer that bigger is not better and assume that growth will lead to a deterioration of quality. If exclusivity is a key brand benefit, existing customer may resent additional new customers. (Kotler Keller, 2006) This strategy can be operated via the marketing mix. However this strategy can provoke antitrust action or anti-dumping charge. Vietnamese rice export market has received multiple charges on dumping issues in European market trying to gain more market share in short period of time. Economic cost such as legal costs needs to be taking in consideration. Wrong marketing mix strategy is also one of the problems firms face when expanding market share (for example: focus on unattractive segments). Successful example of firm in expanding market share is Starbucks. The company plans to continue to rapidly expand its retail operations, grow its specialty sales and other operations, and selectively pursue opportunities to leverage the Starbucks brand through the introduction of new products and the development of new distribution channels. Seek stability and retention of customer base Tesco is a great example for applying this strategy. They try to retain customers loyal via promotion and Club card which customers can save as they shop and spend the points on various products. Tesco seeks stability, it competes on prices with rivals such as Sainsburys and Asda, although it also focuses on customer service, how to deliver good service with reasonable price to the customers. It is important that leader firms understand their strengths and weaknesses, also have a clear view of their competitors in the market. Choosing the right defense strategy is critical in order to retain their position as leaders and continue to expand the total market and market share, as well as profitability. Market leaders should take innovation seriously in order to stay in the leading position.

Why Is English Considered a Global Language?

Why Is English Considered a Global Language? Abstract This project aims to show us why the English known as a global language and why other languages do not have this ability. Also introduce some other languages such as Chinese that can be replaced with English and their capability of being a global one. Key words: english , global , language , capability. Introduction We all are able to communicate freely with one language to people all around the world. A single language would help to reduce misunderstanding and miscommunication. People will need to learn this one world language, whichever that may be, but we will also never forget older languages completely. It means that we can use both of them at same time for the several reasons. We use our mother tongue in our country (home town) and use second language (global language) for communicate with people that don’t know anything about our mother tongue or for some other reason like job, travel, migration and †¦. . Global language A language is called a â€Å"global language† when it achieves the official position and education preference in every nation, that language will finally come to be used by more people than any other language. The essential reason to make a language global or international is the power of its people. The power includes the power of military, politic and economic. Military power, political power and economic power are the three essential factors to make a language global and to keep its status (Culpepper, 1997). What does the global language do? When a new language is introduced to new communities, and a new better life is achieved by the new language, it makes people prefer to use the language than their own language. In turn, the low frequency of using particular language may cause the language to disappear. This was true when English was introduced to academic life (Kaplan, 2000). If the language is no longer the key in communication, it will not live anymore. People will forget it. Many factors cause to the death of the languages that cannot known as global language like War, revolution, economic development or urbanization (Kaplan, 2000). But the development of some areas, like aviation, tourism and banking can be help to be as a global. English English is universal language. It is the worlds second native language, the formal language in 70 countries, and English-speaking countries are accountable for about 40% of worlds total GNP. English can be used everywhere with educated people around the world. It can be used in media, cinema, pop music, TV and †¦for anyone who knows English (Bond, Michael, 1751). From Old and Middle English, English was spoken early in the last one thousand years. Examples of language written at that time, such as the works of Chaucer (mid to late 1300s) are useful in supervising linguistic evolution over the last thousand years. In these works, often spellings will be indistinguishable, but once pronounced phonetically, are understandable to modern English speakers (Sapir, Edward, 1871). Why English is the Most Widely Used Language in the World? 1-Some people may disagree that â€Å"English is the world’s most important language.† It is definitely the world’s most widely used language. It is spoken by a number of people 800,000,000 by a conservative appraise 1,500,000,000 by a liberal appraise. It has official status in over 60 countries. 150 million people use English fluently as a foreign language. English is also the language of international air traffic control, and the principal language of world publishing, science and technology (Crystal 2001). 2- In the postcolonial world, English is often used outside the domestic area, discussions of the links between English and Anglo culture may even seem repulsive. Speakers of English—in Britain, the United States, and elsewhere—discussions of possible links between English and Anglo culture may also seem to be best avoided (Quirk et al. 1985). 3- English is also important in business. 84% of companies want English as a foreign language; only 32% require French (Felberbauer 1996). In the Austrian job market, English is pay heed to as a basic qualification; therefore not knowing English may be a conclusive deficit. In Austrian businesses which operate internationally the internal use of English is not so much a feature as it is in Scandinavia (Dension 1981). According to research conducted by Stockinger, secretaries, for instance, are expected to be able to hold telephone conversations in English while technicians have to be able to read technical literature in English (Stockinger 1995). The Significance of Learning English: English may not be spoken language in the worlds, but it is an official language in a large number of countries. It also very important for whom works in global workforce because English is the language of business in world, so it had become necessary for people to speak English. Another reason for learning English is that many of the worlds top films, music and books are published and produced in English. Therefore by learning English, you will be able to have a great understanding. And also most of the content produced on the internet is in English. So knowing English will allow you access amount of information which may not be otherwise available. Chinese The Chinese language is the oldest language in the world with six thousand years of history. Chinese character inscribing has been found in turtle shells dating back to the Shang dynasty(Reid, Thomas, 1890). Chinese phonetics is very complex, making the learning of the language a far more difficult role than learning English (Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie, 1937). The written language is a common form of communication. Even though people are not able to orally communicate in different district, they are able to understand each other in writing (Saltman, Michael, 1903). Chinese is already the most widely spoken language in the world, but that is because of the large population of China (Aleksandr, 2001). Chinese is not suspended to pass English as a global language. The Chinese economy is strong enough to raise the cause and popularity of its language, just like the English did. But, it is possible that China economy is a result of its ability to conform to others’ languages and way of work rather than the task of the Chinese language on other countries (Spevack, Marvin 1985). In business, Chinese is the most useful language like English. Transacting business matters using a common language is essential for camaraderie building but also for the speed and effectiveness of your negotiations (Thompson, 1998). France French represents different cultures around the world. It is used on five continents, in more than fifty countries. French is one of the six official languages of the United Nations and the official language of the Olympic Games (Vera. 2004). It provides the base for more than 50% of the modern English vocabulary, which improves presentation on standardized tests. French is supported by over 35 years of research and has been proven to be successful with students of all races, economic status and levels of English expertise (Quinn, Naomi. 2002). The importance of French has economic importance for major economies in the world, For example, French is the official global language of Canada, which performs major trade deals with the US. The knowledge of French for traders to such countries becomes all the more important (Jeremy. 1999). Being the second most taught language after English and having a readership and with the number of its students, French is absolutely the language to know these days. With English, French is the only other international language; being spoken in 5 continents (Steven. 2002).France has not lost its level of development in language. France is still a highly respected country, and still one of the top romantic languages in western civilization. The United Nations communicates have only two languages: French, and English. There are parts of Africa where French is still the native language, along with several islands. Test: I did a test on two groups. Group 1, who decided to learn English as second language Group 2, who decided to learn French as second language. I asked same question from two groups. Here are the questions and answers: Question 1: why are you choosing this language to learn? Group 1 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ we choose this language because it is an international language and is more important than other language to learn. Group 2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ because nowadays some other language such as French comes to high level in international position and it may know as global language instead of English. So we try to learn it to be modern and update with worlds language changing. Question 2: How much do you want learn this language? Do you want to learn just for being good at conversation or more than it? Group 1 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ No, not just for conversation. We try to use it in our daily life such as reading English books, articles and watching English movies. Looking for medicine news in the internet and †¦ Group 2 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ yes actually we learn it to make conversation, greeting and understand what people say. Result à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨ nowadays we choose language instead of English just because of communicating, making conversation and understanding what other says. But we choose English to learn for several important reasons. As I mentioned before, we use English to being able to surf the internet, read the international book and magazine, being aware of news around the world and †¦ Conclusion We result that it is no surprise that English is becoming the language for international communication. English is the most widely spoken language of the world because of the power the United States in economic and politic. English is the mother tongue of 380 million people, and it is used worldwide by the newspapers, magazines, scientists, businessmen, and politicians. One billion to 1.5 billion people around the world presently speak English. It is the most widely language in 70 countries (J. Draper. 1994).Globalization at the end of the twentieth century is occurring through the media, and technology, thus affecting languages worldwide (Sebesta , 1996). In my idea, languages have fallen and risen with the military and economic growth of a nation. Western culture has a large influence to keep it raise and use these power to impose the word for being as a global language. References STIG HJARVARD (2008). How the Media Contribute to the Spread of English. The Globalization of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. Nguyen Thuy Nga (2008). English A global language. Hanoi University press. Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 24 (2008) 260-266. Woody Allen (1968). Language is acquired, whining is learned. Second language acquisition. Harlow: Pearson. David Crystal (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge university press Zuliati Rohmah (2000). English as a global language. Tierney, J (2009). Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. The myth of language universals. 32, 429–492 Jean Aitchison (2001).progress or decay? Language change. Bambridge: Cambridge university press (2001).5, 3-20 Danie Spich tinger (2003). The Spread of English and its Appropriation. Wien university press. (2003). Cornelia Hamann (1986). How Language comes universal. Language Acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language 33, 19-38. Pinker, S. Bloom, P. (1990). Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral  And Brain Sciences 13 (4): 707à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 784.

An Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest Essay -- Tempest Essays

An Analysis of Shakespeare's The Tempest There are many ways of interpreting Shakespeare's The Tempest. A Post-Colonialist critic, such as Stephen Greenblatt, will look at the influence of historical and political implications of colonialism on the text. Along these lines, a Reader Response critic, such as Paul Yachnin, will look specifically at Shakespeare's audience and their concerns at the time in which the play was written. Very different from these approaches, a Psychological critic, such as Bernard Paris, will completely ignore what was in the author's and audience's minds, and look at the psyche of the main character in the play. Regardless of which critical approach is used to analyze the play, all interpretations should be considered objectively for they all provide a great deal of insight for studying the text. However, I believe that it is imperative to keep in mind that the story offered in The Tempest is told from the point of view of the main character, Prospero. This has a definite impact on the interpreta tions and their validity. According to Stephen Greenblatt the preoccupation with political power was not unfamiliar to Shakespeare and his audience. In his essay, "The Best Way to Kill Our Literary Inheritance Is to Turn It Into a Decorous Celebration of the New World Order," Greenblatt argues that recognizing the presence of issues such as colonialism and slavery in The Tempest will deepen the pleasure of the ordinary reader. He explains that it is very difficult to look at The Tempest without thinking about imperialism. The play, which is set on a mysterious island inhabited by natives and taken over by a European prince, is filled with allusions to the process of colonization. For example, one can f... ...rtin's, 2000. 119-20. Paris, Bernard. "The Tempest." Contexts for Criticism. 4th Ed. Donald Keesey. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003. 235-43. Shakespeare, William. "The Tempest." The Tempest: A Case Study in Critical Controversy. Ed. Gerald Graff and James Phelan. Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 10-88. Vaughan, Alden T. "Shakespeare's Indian: The Americanization of Caliban." Shakespeare Quarterly 39.2 (Summer 1988): 137-153. Willis Deborah. "Shakespeare's Tempest and the Discourse of Colonialism." The Tempest: A Case Study in Critical Controversy. Ed. Gerald Graff and James Phelan. Boston/New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 256-68. Yachnin, Paul. "Shakespeare and the Idea of Obedience: Gonzalo in The Tempest." Contexts for Criticism. 4th Ed. Donald Keesey. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003. 34-46.

Culture in Willy Russells Educating Rita Essay -- Educating Rita Essay

Over the last few weeks I have been reading a play by an author called Willy Russell, it is called Educating Rita. The play begins by introducing the two main characters, Frank and Rita. Rita is a young woman in her mid twenty?s, living in a working class culture. Rita is not happy with the way her life is going, she wants to be seen as more middle class, so she decided to take a course at the Open University to study litterateur. Frank on the other hand is Rita?s tutor at the university also middle aged alcoholic living in a middle class culture. Frank is unhappy with the way things are going in his life, his wife has left him due to an argument over poetry and he is now living with a younger tutor named Julia. The play unfolds as Frank and Rita?s cultures clash together. Educating Rita was first performed in the 1980s. This was a particularly strange time for people in Britain because there was a great deal of civil unrest, this meant the people were not happy with the way the government was running the country. There was also a mining strike and unemployment was very hi...

The Unattainability of Perfection: A Critical Analysis of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Birthmark”

Perfection is one of the most sought-after qualities in society. People are willing to shell out large sums of money for dieting plans, training regimens, and plastic surgery – all in an attempt to be perfect, whether that means having a slim waist, a defined core, or a more attractive nose. However, nobody is flawless. Even if an individual alters their physical appearance to what they believe to be â€Å"perfect,† they will nonetheless have other, non-physical faults that will limit their ability to attain perfection. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a 19th century American writer, expressed his feelings about the attainability of perfection in his fiction.In particular, in â€Å"The Birthmark,† Hawthorne uses the birthmark as a symbol, the characterization of Georgiana, and the foreshadowing of Georgiana's death to promote the unrealistic nature of perfection; Hawthorne highlights the impracticality of flawlessness so that society, in general, will stop going to great len gths trying to achieve the unachievable and, instead, spend their collective time more productively. To begin with, to endorse the improbability of perfection, Hawthorne establishes Georgiana’s birthmark as a symbol of earthly imperfection.For instance, the birthmark is described as being â€Å"the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature [†¦] stamps ineffaceably on all her productions, either to imply that they are temporary and finite, or that their perfection must be wrought by toil and pain† (Hawthorne 14). From this, it is evident that the birthmark represents, not only the mortality of humans, but that while humans are mortal, perfection is elusive. Hawthorne goes so far as to indicate that the birthmark is â€Å"a symbol of his wife’s liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death [†¦] [and that it is a] symbol of imperfection [†¦] [of which] the spectral hand [†¦] wrote mortality† (14).Although Georgiana is otherwise a beautiful woman, her birthmark keeps her from being flawless. Hawthorne promotes the unrealistic nature of perfection in that, even though many may be relatively close to achieving perfection, there will always be one small factor that stands in the way – in Georgiana’s case, it is her birthmark. Moreover, Hawthorne’s characterization of Georgiana’s physical attributes, most notably her birthmark, accentuates the unlikelihood of achieving perfection.Specifically, â€Å"in the centre of Georgiana’s left cheek there was a singular mark [†¦] [that] wore a tint of deeper crimson, which imperfectly defined its shape amid the surrounding rosiness† (13). It is interesting to note that, although Georgiana is labeled a gorgeous woman, the only aspect of her physical appearance that Hawthorne describes in detail is that of her birthmark – the symbol of imperfection. Hawthorne does this intentionally to fully emphasize the notion that perfection is unattain able and that it is wrong for people, such as Aylmer, to believe otherwise.Furthermore, Aylmer deems his wife’s birthmark as having â€Å"an almost fearful distinctness [†¦] [whose] shape bore not a little similarity to the human hand† (13). From this, a connection is made between the birthmark and mortality, in that Georgiana’s birthmark is depicted as being in the shape of a human hand and not, for example, the hand belonging to G-d. This serves as a reminder that Georgiana is human and that, so long as that is the case, it is unfeasible to achieve perfection of any kind.Similarly, Hawthorne evokes the unlikelihood of attaining perfection by foreshadowing Georgiana’s death. For instance, Aylmer dreams of â€Å"attempting an operation for the removal of the birthmark, [†¦] [whose] tiny grasp appeared to have caught hold of Georgiana’s heart [†¦]; [Aylmer] was [†¦] resolved to cut [†¦] it away† (15). Even in Aylmerâ €™s dream, it appears difficult to achieve perfection – and the dream world is not reality. As a result, Hawthorne is commenting on the fact that, in the real world, it is virtually impossible to attain flawlessness.Later on, Aylmer insists that Georgiana touch the â€Å"perfect and lovely flower [†¦] [which] no sooner [†¦] suffered a blight, its leaves turning coal-black as if by the agency of fire† (18). From this, Hawthorne makes the point that perfection is unattainable. The moment Georgiana touches the otherwise perfect flower, the plant dies – foreshadowing Aylmer’s impending failure. This failure, in addition, is foreshadowed when Georgiana, reading through her husband’s folio of past experiments, discovers that â€Å"his most splendid successes were almost invariably failures† (20).This example of foreshadowing Georgiana’s death, again, indicates that their intention for perfection is not a fruitful one. To advoc ate the degree of difficulty associated with achieving perfection, Hawthorne, in his short story â€Å"The Birthmark,† employs the birthmark as a symbol of imperfection, characterizes Georgiana’s physical attributes, and foreshadows Georgiana’s death; from this, Hawthorne hopes people will acknowledge the senselessness inherent in trying to be perfect and use their time to accomplish more realistic goals.It is evident that Hawthorne’s outlook on the inability to achieve perfection is sensical. For example, people the world over spend not only time, but their hard-earned money, on various products and endeavors that they believe will bring them closer to perfection. However, no matter how â€Å"close† these people get, they will never be fully capable of obtaining perfection. Instead of getting plastic surgery, a toupee, using steroids, or dieting excessively, people would be better off accepting who they truly are. That is the closest anybody will ever get to achieving perfection. The Unattainability of Perfection: A Critical Analysis of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark† Perfection is one of the most sought-after qualities in society. People are willing to shell out large sums of money for dieting plans, training regimens, and plastic surgery – all in an attempt to be perfect, whether that means having a slim waist, a defined core, or a more attractive nose. However, nobody is flawless. Even if an individual alters their physical appearance to what they believe to be â€Å"perfect,† they will nonetheless have other, non-physical faults that will limit their ability to attain perfection. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a 19th century American writer, expressed his feelings about the attainability of perfection in his fiction.In particular, in â€Å"The Birthmark,† Hawthorne uses the birthmark as a symbol, the characterization of Georgiana, and the foreshadowing of Georgiana's death to promote the unrealistic nature of perfection; Hawthorne highlights the impracticality of flawlessness so that society, in general, will stop going to great len gths trying to achieve the unachievable and, instead, spend their collective time more productively. To begin with, to endorse the improbability of perfection, Hawthorne establishes Georgiana’s birthmark as a symbol of earthly imperfection.For instance, the birthmark is described as being â€Å"the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature [†¦] stamps ineffaceably on all her productions, either to imply that they are temporary and finite, or that their perfection must be wrought by toil and pain† (Hawthorne 14). From this, it is evident that the birthmark represents, not only the mortality of humans, but that while humans are mortal, perfection is elusive. Hawthorne goes so far as to indicate that the birthmark is â€Å"a symbol of his wife’s liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death [†¦] [and that it is a] symbol of imperfection [†¦] [of which] the spectral hand [†¦] wrote mortality† (14).Although Georgiana is otherwise a beautiful woman, her birthmark keeps her from being flawless. Hawthorne promotes the unrealistic nature of perfection in that, even though many may be relatively close to achieving perfection, there will always be one small factor that stands in the way – in Georgiana’s case, it is her birthmark. Moreover, Hawthorne’s characterization of Georgiana’s physical attributes, most notably her birthmark, accentuates the unlikelihood of achieving perfection.Specifically, â€Å"in the centre of Georgiana’s left cheek there was a singular mark [†¦] [that] wore a tint of deeper crimson, which imperfectly defined its shape amid the surrounding rosiness† (13). It is interesting to note that, although Georgiana is labeled a gorgeous woman, the only aspect of her physical appearance that Hawthorne describes in detail is that of her birthmark – the symbol of imperfection. Hawthorne does this intentionally to fully emphasize the notion that perfection is unattain able and that it is wrong for people, such as Aylmer, to believe otherwise.Furthermore, Aylmer deems his wife’s birthmark as having â€Å"an almost fearful distinctness [†¦] [whose] shape bore not a little similarity to the human hand† (13). From this, a connection is made between the birthmark and mortality, in that Georgiana’s birthmark is depicted as being in the shape of a human hand and not, for example, the hand belonging to G-d. This serves as a reminder that Georgiana is human and that, so long as that is the case, it is unfeasible to achieve perfection of any kind.Similarly, Hawthorne evokes the unlikelihood of attaining perfection by foreshadowing Georgiana’s death. For instance, Aylmer dreams of â€Å"attempting an operation for the removal of the birthmark, [†¦] [whose] tiny grasp appeared to have caught hold of Georgiana’s heart [†¦]; [Aylmer] was [†¦] resolved to cut [†¦] it away† (15). Even in Aylmerâ €™s dream, it appears difficult to achieve perfection – and the dream world is not reality. As a result, Hawthorne is commenting on the fact that, in the real world, it is virtually impossible to attain flawlessness.Later on, Aylmer insists that Georgiana touch the â€Å"perfect and lovely flower [†¦] [which] no sooner [†¦] suffered a blight, its leaves turning coal-black as if by the agency of fire† (18). From this, Hawthorne makes the point that perfection is unattainable. The moment Georgiana touches the otherwise perfect flower, the plant dies – foreshadowing Aylmer’s impending failure. This failure, in addition, is foreshadowed when Georgiana, reading through her husband’s folio of past experiments, discovers that â€Å"his most splendid successes were almost invariably failures† (20).This example of foreshadowing Georgiana’s death, again, indicates that their intention for perfection is not a fruitful one. To advoc ate the degree of difficulty associated with achieving perfection, Hawthorne, in his short story â€Å"The Birthmark,† employs the birthmark as a symbol of imperfection, characterizes Georgiana’s physical attributes, and foreshadows Georgiana’s death; from this, Hawthorne hopes people will acknowledge the senselessness inherent in trying to be perfect and use their time to accomplish more realistic goals.It is evident that Hawthorne’s outlook on the inability to achieve perfection is sensical. For example, people the world over spend not only time, but their hard-earned money, on various products and endeavors that they believe will bring them closer to perfection. However, no matter how â€Å"close† these people get, they will never be fully capable of obtaining perfection. Instead of getting plastic surgery, a toupee, using steroids, or dieting excessively, people would be better off accepting who they truly are. That is the closest anybody will ever get to achieving perfection.

Coca Cola Supply Chain Essay

1. Executive Summary This report comprises of findings, global strategies, strategic fit and recommendations with respect to The Coca Cola Company (TCCC) supply chain management of the beverage product Coke in North America. All findings are based on secondary research from relevant websites. All sources of information have been added into the References and Appendix for referral. The report starts off briefly about TCCC’s global market position and summary of their suppliers and customer base. Following which, the flow of TCCC’s supply chain were described.  TCCC’s global strategies and efforts were identified in accordance to the company’s supply chain and the flow of information in the supply chain. The global strategies identified were namely: global diversity and sustainable communities. After which, TCCC’s global strategies are assessed against their supply chain to see if they are strategically fit. Lastly, recommendations are provided in accordance to their supply chain and global strategy. The two recommended improvements to TCCC are being transparent with their information and share it across their supply chain and to improve their quality control checks. By adopting these changes into their supply chain and global strategy, TCCC will be able to better align themselves with their business goals and experience a growth in their beverage sales. 2 2. Company Overview 2.1. Company Background TCCC is currently the largest beverage company in the world. As a market leader in the beverage industry, they feature more than 3,500 different types of products which covers sparkling beverages, still beverages, juices,  ready-to-drink coffee and waters. Some of the brands that TCCC offers includes Sprite, Fanta, Diet Coke, Honest Tea, Simple Orange and many more (Coca-Cola at a, n.d.). With their large and well developed supply chain and distribution channel, they are able to reach out globally to more than 200 countries in the world. 2.2. Company suppliers and customers TCCC adopts a franchise model where they sell their beverage bases or syrups to more than 250 bottling companies worldwide. TCCC monitors all of their suppliers closely to ensure the quality of the products supplied. They ensure the suppliers meet the standards required by the law and follow their Supplier Guiding Principles and be environmentally sustainable. The report would be focused on the soft drink Coke in North America’s market. Being the bestselling beverage for the company, Coke is sold in most of the countries in the world. The soft drink captures potential market of teenagers, athlete and working adults. The company is trying to target a bigger market regardless of age, ethnic groups, sexes and even lifestyle. To catch up with the increasing trend of having a healthy lifestyle, they have created drinks such as Diet Coke and Coke Zero. They strive to reduce cost, improve quality and provide service and support to tailor to customers’ needs. 3. The Flow of Supply Chain The supply chain of a company shows all of the parties who are involved either directly or indirectly in the process of satisfying consumers’ request. The supply chain will also show the movement of product and the flow of funds and information. TCCC’s supply chain consist of six different stages. The six stages of the supply chain are supplier, Coca Cola Company, bottling companies, distribution centres, retailers and finally the consumers. (See Figure 1) TCCC aims to provide tailored services to customers all around the world with their constantly improving supply chain. Firstly, the suppliers will supply the raw materials to TCCC for production of concentrated beverage base in their plants. The concentrated beverage base will then be franchised to the bottling companies. For the production  of Coke, bottlers will have to combine the concentrated syrup with other materials in a certain fixed ratio. Next, they bottle the drink into respective containers. After the inspection, the bottled drink are packaged and delivered to distribution centres. The distribution centres will consolidate and deliver the products to the retailers who will then sell to consumers. 4. Global Supply Chain Strategies TCCC aims to satisfy consumers’ needs and expectations through company’s improvement and implementation of global supply chain and strategies. With the 3 supply chain strategies, TCCC is committed to achieve global diversity and sustainability in communities. The sustainable communities refers to reducing environmental harm, nurture good work environment and increase economy in community. 4.1. Supplier TCCC believes that it is essential to get trustworthy suppliers to ensure best quality of concentrated syrup produced every time and having a good corporate citizenship will help in promoting future success of the business. The first step in achieving the best suited supply chain would be getting reliable and consistent supplier. TCCC strive to achieve supplier diversity by offering more opportunities for the minorities, women and even lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) suppliers. Under the Supplier Diversity Mentoring Program, training and assessments are provided by TCCC to the supplier to better position and improve the growth of their operations. TCCC also created the 2nd Tier Supplier Program to get Coca Cola’s main suppliers to work together with the women and minorities suppliers. This increases procurement opportunities and stretched our company’s network into more markets. TCCC came up with their own set regulations and policies which includes the Supplier Guiding Principles (SGPs), Human Rights Policy and Code of Business Conduct for Suppliers. The SGP conveys the expectations of the suppliers’ workplace policies and responsibility towards the environment. These policies, trainings and assessments are necessary for continuously updated to follow the company’s progress. 4.2. Bottling  Companies Being the largest beverage company, TCCC partners with more than 250 bottling companies all around the world. These bottling companies are responsible for bottling, packaging, merchandising and marketing Coca-Cola beverage products. Some of the authorised bottlers are Coca-Cola Hellenic in Eastern Europe and Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE) in Western Europe. Most of the bottling companies are independent from TCCC. Coca-Cola Refreshment (CCR) is a subsidiary of TCCC after TCC decided to acquire it from CCE on October 2010. They focuses mainly on the Northern America market. Other than the concentrated syrup from TCCC, CCR requires other raw materials such as aluminum can sheet from Novelis Inc., PET bottles, high fructose corn syrup and carbonate. CCR is part of the Coca-Cola Bottlers’ Sales & Services Company LLC (CCBSS). CCBSS is a limited liability company and is owned by Coca-Cola bottlers in America (Seasonality.n.d.). CCBSS helps in facilitating and procuring strategies and systems to the bottling companies in America. In order to achieve efficient purchasing, CCBSS consolidates the purchases of raw materials for all bottling companies in America. The bottlers made an effort to be environmentally sustainable through recycling, reusing and usage of lighter weight package. To encourage recycling, recycle bins are placed everywhere in public. The use of lighter packaging helps in reducing the carbon footprint as well as reducing the amount of material used (See Figure 4). They also use recyclable PET bottles that are made partially from plants (Our progress, n.d.). 4 4.3. Distribution Centres TCCC have many distribution centres and warehouses around the world. All distribution centres and warehouses are controlled by TCCC. To better enhance their global commitment, TCCC initiated the 5by20 program. TCCC hope that through this program, over five million business women all over the world would benefit from it. Under the 5by20 program, the women entrepreneurs would receive training, financial resource and mentors from  TCCC. In America, the 5by20 program is currently under incubation in Haiti and Mexico. These micro-distribution centres will be in-charge of delivering Coca-Cola beverages to local retailers, helping TCCC to gain easy access to more hard-to-reach communities and markets (See Figure 2). TCCC tried to make the delivery process more effective through the transformation of the delivery truck. The packaged Coke in the warehouse are now delivered to the retailers using the Order Fulfilment System (OFS) trucks instead of the traditional sideloading delivery trucks. These OFS trucks allows CCR to load and deliver products in America more conveniently through palletized orders. The palletized order allows driver to unload just one cart filled with different products ordered by the customer. This will reduce the delivery time and increase the amount of orders delivered. Not only so, the trucks are more fuel efficient as compared to traditional delivery trucks, incurring a lower transportation costs. The distribution centres in America delivers the beverages to retailers in different area through the Interstate Highway System route. The Interstate Highway system interlinks provides business routes for companies to enter the central business district in each city, making it more convenient for the delivery trucks to deliver the products around America. The vehicle routing software is also implemented to make the delivery process more efficient. The transportation planners will be able to use this software to design which route to take to reduce the time taken and distance travelled to deliver the product to the retailers. 4.4. Retailers Retailers who purchases the Coca-Cola soft drink includes restaurants, small businesses and international retailers. Retailers are platforms for consumers to purchase Coca-Cola beverages. They are important in the supply chain as they have direct contact with the consumers. TCCC provides customer training and development when necessary, especially to those smaller businesses. TCCC hopes that through the programs, it will help the retailers be more efficient and profitable in their business. To further help the retailers to be economically sustainable, a global initiative  AIM-PROGRESS is implemented. This initiative offers joint trainings either physically or virtually globally covering responsible sourcing. TCCC also have their own vending machines. The vending machines are designed to increase interaction between the company and the consumers. TCCC are also known for using their unique vending machines to spread happiness or spread awareness. Some of the vending machines includes getting people to mimic the dance moves in South Korea and Hug Me vending machine in Singapore (See Figure 3). These interactions encourages healthy living into people. 4.5. Consumers The consumer is the most important source of revenue for the company in the supply chain. TCCC hopes to capture as many people in the market as possible regardless of age or lifestyle. Coke is a more popular choice of drinks among the teenagers and middle class consumers. With the increasing number of teenager and middle class consumers globally, this is particularly favourable to the company. TCCC offers a diversity of beverages to cater to different lifestyles. To target the health conscious customer group and address the obesity issue, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Diet and beverages with low or no calorie are available in the market. The company would also get people to exercise through efforts such as the interactive vending machine as mentioned in 4.4. 4.6. Flow of Information The sharing of essential information is important across the supply chain. TCCC came up with the Coca-Cola Retailing Research Councils in order to communicate more efficiently and effectively throughout the supply chain. The Coca-Cola Retailing Research Councils would conduct market research on a periodical basis with regards to the possible factors which may affect the beverage industry. When there is a change, the supply chain will be notified through a collaborative website. TCCC also uses the SAP application in order to improve the flow of information in their existing supply chain. The implementation of SAP in North America has helped in monitoring and  maintaining consistency. Information is shared across the supply chain and thus every segment is notified on what is going on. 5. Strategic Fit Strategic fit is the key to having supply chain profitability and consistency. In order to achieve strategic fit, all parties in the supply chain need to work towards the same goal. They also need to make sure that the goal is relevant to customers’ requests. For TCCC, their strategies fit their supply chain. The nature of the beverage industry is that the profit margin is low, the product life cycle is short, intense competition and high demand fluctuation. This means that TCCC needs to have a very efficient, responsive and well developed supply chain in order to fulfil customers’ requests. TCCC’s supply chain is able to maintain the speed of product flow through their extensive and distributive network. The company have many distribution centres and over 2.4 million delivery points all over the world to help them in the distribution of Coke. Also, TCCC uses the just-in-time and the total quality management strategies in support with the rest of the supply chain. The collaboration in using these strategies helped in minimising the disruptions that may be caused by problems such as the safety stock. It also reduce delivery time and produce better quality products. TCCC’s strategies are in line with their principles. It is a challenge for TCCC to standardise the packaging and production across all the bottling companies across the world. However, the implementation of strict rules and frequent assessment by TCCC enables the consistent packaging requirements and the quality of Coke. In line with their focus to attain customer diversity, TCCC tries to lower the cost through their 6  supply chain. As mentioned in 4.3, transportation cost is reduced by planning the delivery route wisely and using fuel saving trucks to deliver the products to retailers. 6. Recommendations 6.1. Information Sharing TCCC could improve the transparency of different levels of their supply chain. The transparency of the supply chain has been getting more important as internet becomes more accessible. Consumers wants to know more about the process and ingredients of the products as they are worried for the safety  and quality of the product. They are also more concerned on what impact does the manufacturing of the product do to the environment. With the increase in scrutiny by the social media, being transparent with the company’s supply chain will help in getting trust from consumers, especially those who focuses on the sustainability and corporate social responsibility. By trying to be more transparent, it encourages the company to be on a constant lookout for any potential or existing risks or problems and solve them before getting media attention. TCCC could also make use of the transparency to minimise any information gaps. 6.2. Improvement in Quality Control TCCC have stringent control on suppliers to ensure that the ingredients received are of good quality and consistent. However, it is not just the suppliers that constitute to the overall quality of the beverage drinks produced. The choice of ingredients made by the company also influences the quality. In America, the sweetener, aspartame, is used as an artificial sweetener in Diet Coke. The aspartame gives Diet Coke a taste that is similar to sugar. TCCC uses aspartame as a sweetener in many of their diet beverages. However, the aspartame have negative effects on human if drunk. According to the Medical Daily, aspartame contains high dosage of toxic which could cause neurological problems and depression. Reports also proved that aspartame will result in greater weight gain as compared to consuming sugar (See Figure 5). The negative effects caused by aspartame affects the quality of the beverages and tarnish TCCC’s reputation. The usage of aspartame results in contradiction with one of their strategy which is to promote healthy lifestyle. Although aspartame is currently one of the most common artificial sweetener found in many food and beverage product, TCCC could source for another alternative that does not have any negative effect and meet their healthy lifestyle strategy. If used effectively, it could be one of the company’s competitive advantage against other competitors. The drop in sales due to  use of aspartame can also be picked backed up. 7. Conclusion In conclusion, TCCC has a well-developed supply chain and an extensive distribution network through their corporate social responsibility efforts. Although the supply chain and strategies are quite developed, there are still rooms for improvement. If TCCC constantly improve themselves and keep up to the rising trends, the company will be able to grow and advance further. Reference 5by20 markets. (n.d.). The Coca Cola Company. Retrieved November 29, 2014, from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/5by20-map/#TCCC Callahan, A. (2013, March 15). Partners of women-in-business: IFC and 5by20 join forces. The Coca Cola Company. Retrieved November 29, 2014, from http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/partners-of-women-in-business-ifcand-5by20-join-forces#TCCC Christensen, L. (2011, December 14). Creo customer: System logistics tightens up the warehouse.