Convergence-towards-ifrs-in-malaysia-issues-challenges-and-opportunities Essay Example for Free

Convergence-towards-ifrs-in-malaysia-issues-challenges-and-opportunities Essay In the year 2008 the then Malaysian Accounting Standard Board’s (MASB) chairman, Dato Zainal Abidin Putih, announced that Malaysia will be converging with International Accounting Standard Board (IASB)’s International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS). From that point onwards many initiatives were lined up by MASB and the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) in order to educate, train and inform all the relevant stakeholders in tandem with fast approaching deadline to converge, which is for the earliest year-end financial reporting date, 31 December 2012. On 19 November 2011, MASB issued the third accounting framework to be applied in Malaysia and this new accounting framework that is IFRS-compliant is dubbed as Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards framework (MFRS). The issuance of MRFS is vital to show and prove the Malaysian commitment and also it becomes a solid guideline for all entities that are administered by Securities Commission of Malaysia and the convergence begin on or after 1 January 2012. Historically, Malaysian accounting standards have always closely followed the former International Accounting Standards (IAS) and the current IFRS. This is due to the colonisation effect on Malaysia, where Malaysia was a British colony up to the year 1957 and many of the accounting standards applied in the United Kingdom has always made its way to be adopted by the Malaysian standard setters authorities and regulators. As Mohammad Faiz Azmi stated in forums that the Malaysian story of convergence has been a ‘slow and steady’ approach and this phased-in approach even though slower is expected to put Malaysian entities in a better position as the problems and challenges faced by Malaysian companies are far much reduced compared to other countries that adopted the ‘big bang’ approach, for example the South Koreans, where the accounting standard setters and regulators in South Korea agreed on full adoption of IFRS (Nazatul Izma, 2009; Suh, 2011) ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORKS IN MALAYSIA Currently Malaysian entities are subject to three sets of accounting frameworks, the first accounting framework is the old Financial Reporting Standards framework (FRS), next is the Private Entity Reporting Standards framework (PERS) and finally the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards framework (MFRS). All these three frameworks are legally approved frameworks by MASB and can be applied by entities in Malaysia but subject to the type of entity. The three types of frameworks are outlined and discussed below. MFRS framework is to be applied by all entities other than private entities for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2012. Private entities are private companies which are incorporated under the Companies Act 1965, that are not itself required to prepare or lodge any financial statements under any law administered by the Securities Commission Malaysia or Bank Negara Malaysia. Private entities are also not subsidiaries or associates of or jointly controlled by an entity which is required to prepare or lodge any financial statements under any law administered by the securities Commission Malaysia or Bank Negara Malaysia. However ‘Transitioning Entities’ are excluded from applying MFRS and these ‘Transitioning Entities’ are entities that are in the scope of MFRS 141 for ‘Agriculture’ (equivalent to IAS 41) and IC Interpretation 15 for ‘Agreement for Construction of Real Estate’, (equivalent to International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) 15) including its parent, significant investor and venture. These ‘Transitioning Entities’ have an option to either apply the MFRS framework or the old FRS framework, but this leeway is only allowed for one year, as these ‘Transitioning Entities’ need to apply the MFRS framework by  Page 43 International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 1 ISSN 2289-1552 2012 annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 at the latest (Nazatul Izma, 2009; KPMG, 2011; Accountants Today 2012; Ganespathy, 2012; Jebaratnam, 2012). PERS framework is to be applied only by private entities but these private entities have an option to apply MFRS framework for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2012. If the private entities choose to apply MFRS framework and these entities are in the scope of MFRS 141 for ‘Agriculture’ (equivalent to IAS 41) and IC Interpretation 15 for ‘Agreement for Construction of Real Estate’, (equivalent to IFRIC 15), therefore known as ‘Transitioning Entities’, they have the choice to either apply MFRS framework or FRS framework, but these freedom is applicable up to 31 December 2012, as these entities need to revert to MFRS framework for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 (Accountants Today, 2012; Jebaratnam, 2012). FRS framework which is the Malaysian version of IAS, which has been the main accounting standards framework for nonprivate entities before the introduction of MFRS framework can be applied only by ‘Transitioning Entities’, but as stated earlier, such entities need to revert to MFRS framework for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013 (Accountants Today, 2012; Jebaratnam, 2012) ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN FULL ADOPTION OF IFRS IN MALAYSIA MFRS 1 covers issues pertaining to ‘First-Time Adoption of Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards’ and the transition date stated in MFRS 1 is the beginning of the earliest period for which an entity presents a full comparative information under MFRSs in its first MFRS based statements. Following the requirement of MFRS 1, MFRS 101 on ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’ requires reporting entities to present three ‘Statements of Financial Position’ and two ‘Statement of Comprehensive Income’, ‘Statements of Changes in Equity’ and ‘Statement of Cash Flows’ each. MFRS also dictates that entities need to present statement of financial position as at the beginning of the comparative financial year, therefore reporting entities requires their financial statements to be prepared based on the requirement of MFRS from the financial year beginning on and after 1 January 2010, or otherwise be very cautious to make retrospective restatements and/or reclassify items in all the financial statements and notes to accounts and the transition date would be on or after 1 January 2011. The expectation is that the entities are able to present MFRS compliant financial statements come the year-end financial reporting on 31 December 2012, which may become an issue, if these entities are not MFRS ‘ready’ (Accountants Today, 2012). Another challenge for full adoption of IFRS in Malaysia is that under MFRS 1, whenever the cost of complying with MFRS exceeds the benefits to the users of financial statements and also if retrospective application would mean that judgement by management of a known transaction is required, IASB would grant exemptions and therefore this would create unlevel playing field amongst non-private entities in Malaysia that are supposed to apply MFRS framework as the criterion for full-adoption. To ensure that the reporting entities in Malaysia are MFRS compliant, these entities should perform a comprehensive, thorough and detailed examination of the readiness of their entity in becoming MFRS compliance to avoid any investigation by the authority due to non-compliance after the grace period for full adoption is over. If Malaysia ends up trimming its MFRS as a convergence framework that can be adapted to fit the local conditions and not a one size fits all set of standards, because a full adoption forces countries to surrender their sovereignty, then Malaysia will have serious issues and will face difficulties to be endorsed as a country that compliances to full IFRS adoption (Nazatul Izma, 2009). But as it is evident, MFRS 141 and IC 15 for ‘Transitioning Entities’ is an exception given to such entities to comply to full IFRS adoption by reverting to MFRS framework for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013. Even though the IAS 41 assumption that fair value can be measured for biological assets was an issue, but this sort of issues should be communicated clearly to the practitioners and this is where the education and training of the practitioners is key for a successful full adoption of IFRS. For example MFRS 141 (IAS 41) disagreement with IASB need to be entirely made clear to the Malaysian practitioners, as IASB currently have agreed to recognise palm oil tree as a non current asset and not as an inventory (Nazatul Izma, 2009). One of the most common perceived advantages of convergence to IFRS is the possibility of increased foreign direct investment (FDI) (Gardiner, 2000; Christiansen, 2002), but as of 2010, report on the most attractive FDI destinations, the world’s highest FDI receivers are China, United States of America and India, of which none have converged to IFRS. Therefore, the notion that IFRS convergence will attract FDI is not valid, and this so called advantage cannot be applied to entice countries to adopt IFRS for financial reporting of their entities. IFRSs for SME is another reason to ponder on the real plausibility of full adoption of IFRS. If MASB chooses to adopt IFRS for SMEs to replace PERS, than we will have another version of ‘diluted’ IFRS as a framework within the Malaysia accounting scenario. Dr Paul Pacter, the board member and chairman of the SME implementation group, mentioned that some topics in the IFRS were omitted from the IFRS for SMEs, due to its irrelevance and also due to the fact that the ‘diluted’ version will be a simpler option for the SMEs to apply (Nazatul Izma, 2010). The IFRS for SMEs were simplified on the recognition and measurement and the disclosures were also reduced. Brian Blood, the Chief Executive of Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants (CAPA) mentioned that the IFRS for SMEs were developed to assist SMEs to prepare and present high quality and timely financial statements and information. Other benefits of SMEs applying the IFRS for SMEs are that the financial reporting is done in a consistent manner and not too expensive to prepare (Nazatul Izma, 2010). Having said all that, the fact is that there is a different set of IFRS for SMEs, therefore, it does not allow for full adoption, but maybe just a mere convergence. James Sylph, the executive director, Professional Standards and External Relations of International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) in a forum in 2012, strongly advocated that national accounting standard setters’ authorities and regulators should move away from the mere concept of convergence to a more profound notion of full-adoption. Page 44 International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 1 ISSN 2289-1552 2012 Mohammad Faiz Azmi, MASB chairman, indicated that Malaysia will not require the IFRS for SMEs to avoid an ‘underconverged’ version used by SMEs due to the lack of human resources to implement new IFRS based regulations; therefore MASB is still uncertain about how exactly they should deal with the issue related to SME and IFRS (Nazatul Izma, 2010) MASB together with MIA will have to look into the issue of the readiness of the Malaysian education system to deliver enough trained accountants that are IFRS savvy, as a full IFRS adoption can be burdensome and the human capital need to be created to fulfill this need. Mohammad Faiz Azmi mentioned that MASB is working with enforcers to amend the Financial Reporting Act (1997) to allow making amendments to accounting standards in Malaysia if there are any substantial issues that MASB disagrees with IASB (Nazatul Izma, 2009). This again will give some space for MASB for not to adopt the full adoption of IFRS as there will be some possible avenue to make changes in the IFRS provided by IASB. Companies Act 1965 and Financial reporting Act 1997 are the two most important acts pertaining financial statements reporting in Malaysia. The directors are supposed to be responsible for the preparation and presentation of a true and fair set of financial statements of reporting entities and these directors should be aware and be sure that their entities are IFRS ready.

The Impact of Computers on Education :: Educational Technology Essays

The Impact of Computers on Education Technology is all around us these days. If you don't understand the basics of computers and how to run one your choices of jobs and things to do are limited. Almost everywhere you go and every job you can think of uses computers. For this reason, computers have become a big part of the education system. I'm planning on teaching elementary students so I researched the impact that computers have had on teachers and students. When I become a teacher there is no doubt that I will use computers in my classroom and my students will do activities with computers. It is just the way to do things now. There are so many valuable programs out there to help students learn and to help teachers teach that computers are pretty much a necessity in classrooms. In my opinion for an elementary classroom there should be at least five to ten computers in each room. Without the access to the computers it is hard to take advantage of all the wonderful things a computer has to offer. Even using the internet has a source of information for the students or has a tutorial for students who are struggling. There are so many ways that classrooms will benefit from computers. The first thing I looked at was how teachers were being affected by computers. "Integrating technology into your teaching can change the way you deliver content to your classes.[1]" Not only are teachers affected by having to do grades and attendance by computers now but, they also have to worry about teaching their students about computers and integrating it into the daily lesson plans. By doing attendance on computers it saves a lot of time and confusion for schools. No one has to go around and pick up attendance and it does not have to be recorded anymore. Just one easy, quick step and it is all taken care of. In my opinion although computers can be very helpful it might take a while and some long hours for a teacher to switch over from running a classroom one way to using computers in their daily lesson plans.

Sleep and Mary J. Davis

S. No| Topic| Pg no| i. | What is Confidence building? Does Confidence really come with Knowledge? | 2| ii. | How does a Shark Hunt? | 3| iii. | What efforts are being taken to protect Endangered Wildlife? | 4| iv. | What are the dangers and hazards of Nuclear Power? | 5| v. | Why do we sleep? | 6| vi. | How does Tobacco use affect the human body? | 7| vii. | What are the causes of Tornadoes? | 8| viii. | In what ways do Video Games affect children and teenagers? | 9| ix. | What is stress? | 10| x. | What are the ways to speak effectively? | 11| xi. | Pros and Cons of Teamwork| 12| ii. | Which types of Shops do you use to buy different things? Why? | 13| xiii. | What is culture? Describe different types of company’s cultures. | 14| xiv. | Which is the most important Invention for the last 100 years? Which one do you wish had not been Invented? | 15| Table of content Descriptive Essay What is Confidence building? Does Confidence really come with Knowledge? Confidence is a posit ive feeling gained from a belief in your own ability of to do things well. Very few people succeed in building up their confidence level. When we born we cry because we are afraid of this world.It means that nobody is born with confidence. We have to develop our own confidence. It is not easy as it seems. There is a certain age at which the growing level of confidence stops working. Many of people failed in building up their own confidence (Adrian MacKay). Those who are self-confident about themselves have a strong sense of belief. Self-confidence is connected with possessing of certain skill sets or abilities, whether it is acquired or natural. While having ability in a particular area can help you to boost yourself. Someone who has no capability of doing something is always lack of confident (Coles).A person who is lack of self-confidence has a lack of self-belief in them. Lack in yourself comes when you feel insecure about something like place or with the audience you are facing. A person behaves like overly shy, having fear in themselves, forget what to talk about, start shivering and feel uncomfortable when they are lack of confidence. People with low self-confidence always stay away from other peoples. They have a limited mind set and their behavior changes unexpectedly. This lack of self-confidence puts them in a nonstop life cycle that reinforces their state of self-belief (Coles). Knowledge and confidence are two different things.Without confidence, knowledge is worthless. And without knowledge, confidence is useless. If we have to face the world so we have to combine our knowledge and confidence. Those people who are not able to combine their knowledge and confidence won’t have the chance to survive (Stephen Hetherington). Confidence and knowledge is the most powerful weapon of a person. If anyone knows how to use it so he can live on his life in an easy way. Even to become a successful man a particular person has to go through many difficulti es and have to keep struggling. A lose hearted person always think about his past and afraid to move on again.So if anyone wants to become a successful man he has to build up his confidence. References Adrian MacKay Coles Stephen Hetherington Descriptive Essay How does a Shark Hunt? Shark is a large and sometimes aggressive sea fish with a triangular fin on its back. They live in ocean but not in freezing areas like ANTARCTICA. To survive in water, they need salty water. They are mostly found in between the deep oceans. They cannot change their places like other species do. Some sharks use to live in natural environments. While other sharks’ like to live in dark, cold, rocky and sandy areas.Sharks use to travel to a long distances in seek of warmer and cooler areas where they can give birth to their babies in a year (Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien). The bodies of sharks are made of same parts but not all. As compare to other sharks they don’t have same size, shape and colo r. There are two types of shark bodies â€Å"Active Swimmers and Bottom Dwellers†. Those sharks who are â€Å"Active Swimmers† have their body in a shape that allows them to move with quick, easy movements in water with the help of powerful fins. And those sharks that are â€Å"Bottom Dwellers† have wide and horizontal bodies (Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien).There are many kinds of sharks in which three of them are a lot bigger. They are â€Å"White, basking and whale sharks†. The white sharks are 12 feet long and 4 meter large. Whereas basking sharks are 40 feet long and 12 meters large. And whale sharks are 50 feet long and 15 meters large. They can be compared as to school bus. So you can think how much bigger things they use to eat. But these three sharks eat only small fishes like Krill, which is not bigger than your finger (Mary M. Carlo). People usually fear from sharks because they think that sharks can eat them with their jaws by crushing and tearing them a part.Sharks use jaws to attack their enemies. But they don’t use them to attack humans. They never make humans as a target for their food. To sharks, humans look to them as a seal. So, only small number of sharks attacks humans. Sharks have sensitive nostrils that can track down a bleeding fish that may be far away from them of ocean (Christina Wilson). Sharks are the natural gift given by Allah to us. They are the natural beauty of sea. They live in a deep silent ocean. And can be of different size or color or shape. They can hunt any fish or human. They are harmful but it doesn’t mean that we just finish them off.Sharks cannot stop hunting because it’s in their nature. So we enjoy by making aquarium for sharks. Or we can watch them so we can understand that how they live in their world. References Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien Mary M. Carlo Christina Wilson Descriptive Essay What efforts are being taken to protect Endangered Wildlife? Wildlife is about al l animals, birds and insects that naturally inhabit a particular region. In the wildlife history in U. S. A, several of Bison were killed, just to clear the grasslands. This dangerous situation of Bison disturbed the public because they were the only largest mammals in U. S.A. But all hoofed mammals were completely removed from the larger areas to their original places in 1800s. In the east, there is no evidence about it that how many of them were searched out and destroyed completely by hunters (Brian Czech, Paul R. Kraus man, Center for American Places). Animals surely get diseases due to changes in environment or weather. Those animals which were used to export may have diseases in them. So they were kept in isolation, away from other animals to cure them from diseases. But those animals which were illegally moved from one country to another may carry diseases and not be cured.Some diseases include a large risk of life that they can finish numerous of animals. Like in Tasmania, h alf world’s mammals were killed by certain disease. These mammals were only found in Tasmania. Later on, scientists have discovered that those diseases that are new or moved into different areas of cities or countries are also effecting humans like HIV/AIDS, etc. (Jeanne Nagle). To save wildlife, U. S. Congress in 1973, passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) which was reauthorized in 1988. The purpose of the (ESA) is to save wildlife species from human dangerous actions.To protect the species and their particular area where they live, all endangered plants and animals were listed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). In spite of the fact (USFWS) is a part of the department. It had played an important role in conservation of wildlife (Marshall Cavendish Corporation). U. S. Congress decides to take a step of recovery for wildlife animals. The aim is to recover all animals so the protection will be no longer needed in the future. But the main problem was that it will take long time. And due to some factors loss cannot be recovered.But due to joint efforts of USFWS and other agencies they have succeeded in their recovery process. They have stopped the loss of wildlife animals by recovering 99% of animals in the world. Only less than 1% is left that have been listed from 1968 to 1993 that no longer exists (Marshall Cavendish Corporation). In this world, USFWS have managed to save the wildlife animals. But some of them were lost due to our irresponsibility. So it’s time that we also participate in this Endangered Species Act (ESA) with U. S. A. government. Try to protect them from any harm. Watch them to see how they live. Learn about them as much as we can.Tell others about them. Join USFWS and give money to help wildlife species. And to protect them and ourselves form any disease we have to take them to doctor for regular checkup. References Brian Czech, Paul R. Kraus man, Center for American Places Jeanne Nagle Marshall Cavendish Corporat ion Cause and Effect Essay What are the dangers and hazards of Nuclear Power? The misuse of nuclear power was started in 1933. A scientist name Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard made a theory of splitting the atoms to make a chain reaction. He said that by splitting the atoms into chain reaction can release energy that can cause an explosion.In early research, elements of atoms which are naturally unstable were discovered by scientists. These elements act in a process in which they keep changing and sending streams out called Radioactivity. So scientists discovered that these flying particles can be used as tiny missiles by splitting them in several parts. And that’s how invention of bombs was started (Susan M. Freese). Nuclear weapons were used in Second World War on the Japanese in August 1945, while ending the Second World War. This nuclear explosion set a dangerous example of world war. Because it makes people aware about the coming Modern World War.Due to such powerful bom bs humanity becomes unsafe. First the atom bombs were the only most dangerous weapon but now a bomb more powerful than atom bomb has been invented. Although it is too much small but it can cause great damage to humanity (Bernard L. Cohen, Sc. D. Professor at the University of Pittsburgh). In Russia 1986, a powerful nuclear bomb was exploded. This bomb realized the most dangerous rays in atmosphere. Several of peoples died in this attack. And many of them were died due to cancer because of radiation that was spread into the atmosphere. Nuclear weapons contains waste disposal with them.They can kill people when they touch them. That’s why they cannot be thrown like ordinary garbage. So they are stored in special cooling pools (Bianca Arista). In today’s world, 16 countries depend on their nuclear power in which France is on the number one. Nuclear energy has become inexpensive that anybody can buy it and use it for making bombs and other nuclear weapons. Nuclear power ca n cause many different changes in the environment like can have effects on human health. In the near future, it is expected to be cheaper than before (Chaves Jason). The use of nuclear energy nowadays has become too much common.As well as their price are also decreasing. In some countries the rate of crime is increasing day by day. When the nuclear energy start to split it causes a serious damage to earth because of which a natural disaster called earthquake happen. There is no stop to these hazardous powers. But scientists are working on to stop this danger of nuclear power so that they can remove risk of insecurity from people minds. References Susan M. Freese Bernard L. Cohen, Sc. D. Professor at the University of Pittsburgh Bianca Arista Chaves Jason Cause and Effect Essay Why do we sleep? Sleep is necessary for our health.Our body needs rest like it need water, food and oxygen. Humans are not machines. They work 12 hours so they need rest. Even a machine needs to take some rest after 7-8 hours. Many of scientists research on this topic that â€Å"Why do we need sleep? † . Researches have shown to us that when we sleep our body parts which are in pain gets rest (James A. Horne). Whenever we wake up we have more strength and feel better than before. So sleep makes us stronger. While if we won’t get some sleep, our head or body start to pain or we will begin to sleep in a standing or in a sitting position.People need 8 hours to sleep. 8 hours are max for sleep. If a person is getting a sleep 4-5 hours he or she will start confusing, become absentminded and see illusions (Mary L. Gavin, MD). Human brains carries two phase with them. REM (Rapid Eye Movement) and NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. These two phases have physiological, neurological and psychological structures. In 1960s, two scientists defined a characteristic of sleep. They said that eight hour sleep will give you 5 sleep cycles. They also mentioned that that NREM cycles become s maller and REM sleep rises (Rebecca turner).Lack of sleepiness can cause our brain damages. There is a part of brain which works to control language, memory, planning and sense of time. If we don’t sleep, it will definitely have an effect on that part of our mind. And it doesn’t affect only on that part of our mind but also make us lack of physical and emotional health. In fact sicknesses like if we keep wide-awake our self, our brain starts to blackout and we start to feel doze (Alex West comb, Andrew Green). When we start to sleep our half body between 90-110 minutes is awake and half is as in sleeping position. In this situation, we can get up easily.But after 90-110 minutes, our muscles starts to relax and our body start to sleep. During sleep, if we entered the stage of deep sleep so we usually have some night terrors or sleep walking problems. But some children during a deep sleep get bed-wetting problems (Carlos H. Scheck, M. D. , Carlos Scheck). Sleeping is hea lthy for our body. It gives lots of benefits to us. A good sleep can keep you out of risks. Even avoiding 1 night sleep can make you kind of bad-tempered and awkward. After 5-6 days you will get health problems like illness, headaches and pain in muscles etc.So get some sleep to get ready for next day with more strength and power. References James A. Horne Mary L. Gavin, MD Rebecca turner Alex West comb, Andrew Green Carlos H. Scheck, M. D. , Carlos Scheck Cause and Effects Essay How does Tobacco use affect the human body? Tobacco is made from dried nicotine-rich leaves found in American plant, used for smoking and chewing. Tobacco was not so popular when it was first made. Its journey begins in 1600 from â€Å"BRAZIL†. It was then given in â€Å"ENGLAND† and then to â€Å"TURKEY† and so on. In England 1602, an anonymous doctor wrote â€Å"tobacco is bad for human health.It evaporates man’s unctuous and radical moistures†. And it was proved later t hat what doctor said, was true (Gene Barrio). There are many types of tobacco like, cocaine, hallucinate, nicotine, etc. They are spreading in human’s body with each and every sip they inhale. Inhaling tobacco damage human lungs and make human weak and unhealthy. It reduces human strength and making him addicted to it (Fowler, J. S; Volker, N. D. ). Tobacco plant â€Å"NICOTINE† is a main reason of deaths that are happing in this world. It cause more damage than any others herb. Nicotine contains the most dangerous poisonous oily liquid found in tobacco.As it has a bad effect on human health. At present, 3 million peoples are dying daily by the use of nicotine and if it continues so in the near future 2030, 10 million people will die annually (Fowler, J. S; Volker, N. D. ). Another plant of tobacco is â€Å"HALLUCINATE†. It makes a person to see something which is not actually there. After using it, it makes you aware of somebody’s existence which is not real and doesn’t belong to the physical world. Some examples of it are â€Å"DESERT MIRAGE†, or a â€Å"SOUND† we might have just heard. It also makes a person that everything around him is moving or revolving (Court JA).Third plant of tobacco is cocaine. It is an â€Å"addictive stimulant drug obtained from the leaves of a tropical plant†. This drug is self-administrated in several ways. Many people abuse it by snorting it thorough there nasal sinuses, either alone or with heroin (speedball) mixing in it. It’s another method of administration, which produces its effects more quickly is â€Å"smoking it in with the form of cocaine† (Court JA). In today’s world, tobacco is like a serious problem. People die every day without knowing the cause. And if they know its disadvantage so they don’t know how to stop it.Because it makes them relax, makes them feel what they want to feel. Some people takes these drugs because they want to forget something that happened in their past. I suggest that if we don’t stop now, so in the future there will be no human left on this planet. References Gene Barrio Fowler, J. S; Volker, N. D. Court JA Cause and Effect Essay What are the causes of Tornadoes? Tornadoes are a violent rotating wind storm. They create most powerful winds on the Earth and are capable of destroying anything that comes in their way. A tornado is formed when high and low pressure dash together.There may be local storms too. A typical tornado can be 400-500 feet wide with less than a 1000 thousand feet long and has winds less than 112 miles per hour. Whereas strong tornadoes are a mile wide with strongest winds more than 300-700 miles per hour and can survive more than an hour or 200 miles travelling along with the ground, smashing everything. (Seymour Simon) There are many types of tornadoes like hurricane, storm and typhoon. Hurricane and typhoon have the 200-300 mph speed of winds. Storms that gi ve rise to these tornadoes can cause numerous damages by ruining crops, or throwing things own to the ground at high speed. A biggest rock was found in Coffeyville, Kansas, on September 3, 1970; weighted 1. 67 pounds and was 17. 5 inched around, which was thrown by a storm lifting it above in the sky and then threw it from the sky at high speed (Howard B. Bluestein; Professor of Metrology University of Oklahoma). Many peoples have gone inside these tornadoes but only some of them were able to survive. On June 16, 1928, a man named Will Keller survived the tornado. He said that a twister approached his Kansas farm, Keller saw that something lift him over the ground and move slowly over his head.He reported that â€Å"It was a strong, gassy odor . . . a screaming hissing sound . . . I looked up . . . there was a circular opening in the center of the funnel. . . The walls of this opening were of rotating clouds and the whole was made brilliantly visible by constant flashes of lightnin g which zigzagged from side to side† (Joe Thorn) Later on there are some rules made for providing safety from tornadoes. Those rules for the safety from tornadoes are there must be a basement in house or a building. Or move to small interior room and get under the sturdy piece of furniture.Put as many walls as possible between you and outside. Stay away from windows. Get out of automobiles for shelter (Barry Leonard). There are many safety rules made for these tornadoes. Warnings were also given by forecasters. But these warnings or safety rules cannot save our lives. There is no perfect rule made up till now. But in the future there is. References Seymour Simon Howard B. Bluestein; Professor of Metrology University of Oklahoma Joe Thorn Barry Leonard Cause and Effect Essay In what ways do Video Games affect children and teenagers? Video games are the games played on a television screen.In the history of video games, the first game which was launched in â€Å"1958† is k nown as â€Å"TENNIS†. It was created by â€Å"William Higginbotham†. In 1972, another game was launched known as â€Å"PONG† which opened the doors for the future games. It was invented by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Danby. In 1975, a game name â€Å"GUN FIGHTER† was released by Tomohiro Nishikado. It was a shooter game. This game opened the doors for America. America uses this game for the Intel 8080 and made it a first game which is used on a microprocessor (By D. B. Weston). After 1990s the changes were made in video games and were continued.Later on, they has emerged computing, art work, 3d effects, graphics and some realistic photographic work by bringing them together. They made crime emerged including highway hijacking, mortal combat, etc. New technologies (games system) take place with improved graphics, speed, increased in CD-ROM capacity, etc. In 1995, it was observed that in homes more than 40% of children demand new games. Then computer games were started to make on a large scale using more machineries. Games started to fill with horror and terrifying imaginaries  (By Barrie Gunter). Young generation starts to become addicted to these video games.With the improvement in video games children start to seem lack in other activities. Young boys and as well as adults were also become a part of it. They were cashed using them to play these games. Different types of areas opened in which games were played. These games started to increase sale. Billions of games were sold in just one second. People start to love this. Because these games make them happy, feel them more excited. But somehow disadvantages were also seen. These games were making young people angrier. They start to become easily annoyed or irritate (By Barrie Gunter).Another disadvantage was these games cause effects on human health. Medical reports have shown that players are suffering from many diseases. According to Loftus (1983), young generations were having cont inuous or long lasting dull pains in their body. Those games in which analogs were used cause effects on skin, joint and muscle problems. When Loftus examined 65% of arcade video games players, they were suffering with â€Å"small bubbles on skin, fingers were filled with thickened and hardened skin, pain in their tissues and were having lack of feeling, thinking, reactions powers† (Barrie Gunter).Video games are harmful for children because they start to neglect from doing educational, social and leisure activities. They start to believe in imaginary world. Always think about something which doesn’t exist in this real world. To stop them from using video games is to involve them in other activities. Make them to participate in social life activities so that they can use their minds in right activity. References D. B. Weston Barrie Gunter Cause and Effect Essay What is stress? Stress is the body's reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response.The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and emotional responses. Many events that happen to you and around you and many things that you do yourself put stress on your body. You can experience stress from your environment, your body, and your thoughts. Stress can be positive. For example, if a person is going to school for first time. So he will be excited but also nervous about being liked or accepted. As a result, a person gets frightened or nervous. Stress becomes negative. For example, if a person moves to new school leaving his good friends.As a result, a person gets headaches or stomachaches (Susan Gregson). Stress can lead to physical symptoms including heart attack/strokes, ulcers, diabetes, angina, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Physical disorders like anxiety and depression, including break down (Stephen Palmer). Human body was designed to respond â€Å"short-term† stress. A chronic effect can cause many problems on human body, including all kinds of illness es, syndromes, signs and symptoms (Kate Middleton). Stress also becomes harmful when people use alcohol, tobacco, or drugs to try and relieve their stress.Unfortunately, instead of relieving the stress and returning the body to a relaxed state, these substances tend to keep the body in a stressed state and cause more problems. Over 323,000 people are using heroin and 1. 67 million people are using cocaine in United States because of stress (Ray Goldberg). Stress has become the most serious problem now a day. Many people are disturbed because of it. There is no solution to this problem. Everyday overburden can cause a person into many diseases. So the only solution to this problem is that take only that much work which you can handle by yourself.And try to keep yourself calm. References Susan Gregson Kate Middleton Ray Goldberg Stephen Palmer Narrative Essay What are the ways to speak effectively? Effective communication is a skill which you can learn. It doesn’t matter how ol d you are? Or which kind of background you have? If you have confidence and knowledge you can learn it easily. An effective speaking gives a pleasurable effect to listeners. When you look back in history you can see the effectiveness of their dialogue. For example you can read the speech of the Great Martin Luther, who set out a great example of humanity (Sheryl Lind sell-Roberts).I can share experience of my university. It was the first day of my university when I entered my class room. I see that some of my class fellows were new and some of them were old friends. I introduce myself to new class fellows and as for the old one I reintroduced myself reminding them about our past class. I call my class fellows with their name so that I can remember them. I stand up when someone introduce himself to me, talk to them in good way and ask them about their past experience. Then at the end of my conversation I say good bye to all (Brain Tracy’s Blog).I remember when I was on the gro und floor having fun with my class fellows. I saw a student who was looking similar to me but I couldn’t remember his name. As a result, I wasn’t able to call his name but when I talked to him he told me that he was my school friend. It was the awkward moment for me because I don’t forget anyone. At that day, I promise myself that I will never forget anyone’s name. After that next day when everyone knows about each other, conversation becomes easier. If I want to talk to someone I get his attention first. Facing them and having an eye contact with them makes my message clearer (John A.Kline). Shaking hands before talk give a good impression on someone. I remember that when I was called by administrator in his office to change the card. As I entered the room I greet him without shaking hand. Thus, it gives a wrong impression. So I have to keep it remember that if I meet to someone always shake hand with him first (Jean Bordeaux). These are the effective co mmunication skills that a person needs. This will also help you in your journey. All you need is confidence and knowledge like me. I accept that I had made some mistakes too but it doesn’t make me a bad speaker.So start practicing it to have some new experience in your life. References Sheryl Lind sell-Roberts Brain Tracy’s Blog John A. Kline Jean Bordeaux Narrative Essay Pros and Cons of Teamwork Teamwork needs the organized effort as a group. Teamwork needs the participation of all members in the activity. Without participation team work is useless. To do teamwork all members must be connected with one another so they can communicate. And if one of the team members was informed late or doesn’t get the information at all. So he or she can get all of the other team members into trouble (Price Pritchett).Three years back, I and my team members got a project on â€Å"Govt. vs. public†. So I and my team members decided that we will start our search on projec t next day. Next day in the morning, my whole group was sitting together. They were having a discussion on the project that from where did they start their search? At 8:00 A. M. I come 2 hours late on that day. Although the ideas were too many in mind but I was confused that what should be the perfect idea? But when I shared my ideas with my team members, so some of them worked (Price Pritchett). The first idea of mine was to separate my team members into 2 groups.Group A will research on the role of Government. And group B will have a search on role of public. The second idea of mine was to give these 2 groups eras from 1951-2010. These eras were divided into 2 â€Å"1951-1981 and 1982-2010†. From 1951-1981 was given to the Group A. And the era from 1982-2010 was given to the Group B (Price Pritchett). We have almost 20 days left to complete our search. Search was completed in 12 days. Now we got only 8 days left to practice. So, I went to the teacher to share my idea. She s aid that I can make group to sit in front of each other and then have the discussion.ButIdidn’t agree with that idea of my teacher because on that day we have 1 hour and 30 minutes to talk on that topic. And if we continuously keep talking on one topic so audience will surely get bored. I start thinking and came up with an idea that if I can make a play on that topic, audience will take interest in it (Peter Levin). I and my team members practiced it every day 7-8 hours. I was having a watch on all team members. Because if one of our team members will not participate in group presentation. All what we have done would be for nothing. At last, on that day our play takes an interesting start.My team members were seemed to be very confident on that day. As I thought, audiences were getting into it. And in the end, teacher and everybody who were presented on that day like our role play (Peter Levin). Teamwork is a skill which requires bravery and wisdom. Only a hard worker can lea d a team to success. It needs a lot of courage to lead a team like I have done by understanding and making them believe in their selves. References Price Pritchett Peter Levin Narrative Essay Which types of Shops do you use to buy different things? Why? Shopping is a part of our life because they fulfill our needs.To do shopping you have to go shopping malls. Shopping malls in today’s world are huge. They deliver us everything that we want. Majority of people use to come at weekends like me. Shopping malls sometimes become congested. You can find thousands of shops in just one shopping mall with food and ice-cream shops, theater for movie and play land for children etc. I usually go on shopping with my family. Whenever I go to any shopping mall I use to enjoy myself (Anna Schiff). I and my family go to shopping malls because we get each and every single thing in just one place.And it’s the main advantage. I use to buy branded clothes from showrooms in the malls. Anothe r reason that I use to go shopping malls is that they attract so much. Special arrangements are made like expensive tiles, ponds, fresh flowers, lift, moving stairs, cleaned floors, sitting area for rest and lights give such an impressive view to me that I don’t want to come out (Michelle Gonzalez). There are lots of movies in theater ready to play. All we just have to do is select a movie and buy tickets for it. We usually came to theater after when shopping is finished.But my brother starts arguing with me. Whenever we come to shopping mall, he used to say â€Å"I want to go before the shopping†. Actually he wants all the fun before we can start shopping so he can have more time to play. He always spends money in play land in buying coins to play games in fun land (Cora Molinari). I used to visit mobile shops. I love mobiles because of their advance technology as well as impressive looks. Mobiles are the most advance technology ever created in world. New inventions l ike, touch screen, notebook, android mobiles are available. I want touch and android mobile.Whenever I go to shopping mall I ask my father to buy me a new mobile (Kim France, Andrea Linnet). Shopping malls have become expensive in these days. There is the main reason for it. Sometimes I think that even there is one place left in world where there is no issue of money? Where people are free to buy anything for them at low price? But I can only imagine all of this. So I suggest that always have fun in your life. And if you are not able to buy something from shopping malls so go to shops. References Anna Schiff Michelle Gonzalez Cora Molinari Kim France, Andrea Linnet Compare and Contrast EssayWhat is culture? Describe different types of company’s cultures. A culture is the arts, customs, and institutions of a nation, people, or group. But when we are talking about company culture it is different from the other cultures. It’s about what you have learned from those things which you practice there with other employee’s? Company Culture is entirely different from the hospital culture and university culture. We can understand the culture of company by looking it (Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg). There are two types of company culture â€Å"Corporate culture and Organizational Culture†.In Corporate Culture some people states that it is something which describe a business. But the other people view is that it includes employee arrogance, morals, finances and services. In Organizational Culture some people declares that it is about the way in which we do things around business. Whereas others people says that it is about something to do with the superiority and elegance of employees or those people who are there (Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg). Organizational Culture types are creating, collaborating, controlling and compete (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert).However, Corporate Culture types are core, aspirational, permission-to-play and accide ntal (Mary J. Davis). The first type of Organization is creating in which people says â€Å"having organization highlighting with the change, alteration and organic processes of culture† (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). But in Corporate Culture first type which was core it says â€Å"it is more about values that are untouchable and acutely fixed with the ideologies that lead an employer’s† (Mary J. Davis). Rendering the second type of Organization Culture is control (hierarchy).It says that to share connections with the conventionally large, administrative corporation (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). Nevertheless second Corporate Culture type â€Å"aspirational† it says that those values that a company needs to succeed (Mary J. Davis). According to the third type of Organizational Culture is â€Å"compete (market)†. It is related to relationships, transactions, suppliers, unions, etc. (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). But in the Corporat e Culture type â€Å"permission to play† it relates with lowest negotiating that reflects morals required of any employee (Mary J.Davis). In the fourth type of Organizational Culture which is collaborating. It says that it is more about accentuating suppleness and decision rather than constancy and mechanism of Control and Compete (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). On the other hand the fourth type of Corporative Culture style which is accidental. It says that it can hold the time when beliefs rise (Mary J. Davis). We have discussed two Cultures of a company in detail with their types. So now they depend on person choice that weather he wants to apply Organizational Culture or Corporate Culture in his company.An Organizational culture can bring changes to the policies while a Corporative Culture brings physical changes in people only. References Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert Mary J. Davis Compare and Contrast Essay Which is the most importan t Invention for the last 100 years? Which one do you wish had not been Invented? Science and Technology are changing this world day by day. It brings such a fast change in human life that it doesn’t only change the way of thinking but it also changes human’s life style, educational systems, etc.Science and technology have taught us the way to live our life. It has made our work easy by giving us the technology of machines One machine can do a work of hundred human’s within a second. For example, for fastest growth in agriculture new kinds of seeds, sprays, tractors are used. For fastest transportation trains, ships, air planes, cars, bikes are used. For fastest communication internet, mobiles are used. But the main role is played by computers. As everybody know that computers are the most common and fastest technology used in every home (P. Day). Computers are necessary in today’s life.Without computer we can’t survive. People in the past have a lo t of problems with them. Like in the past the people were disturbed with the use of animal skin, feather, grains, pens, inks, papers and chalk. But now we have to use nothing because of computers we can get all those in just one place. Calculation was the most serious problem in the past. Computer helps us to solve this problem. In bank all electronic fund transferring, maintaining of customer’s account, credits cards, bills payment, transactions, updating of account, are all carried by computer(Gary B.Shelly, Misty E. Vermont). Mobile phone are the another technology as gift of the science. As compared to computers the use of mobile are also common. In past time sometimes you forget your watch. So mobile helped to remove the wristwatch because you can forget your watch but cannot forget your mobile. It acts like your dairy. You can put as much notes as you want. You can call anyone at any time. It’s give you reminder which helps you to wake up in the morning. Calculat or and other extra options are also given to make your work easier.But mobiles now a day are creating problems (Adam Burgess). Cell phones are the part of everyday life for many people. Children, teenagers and adults have different kinds of uses of it. Adults use to stay in touch with business contact. But children, teenagers use to talk or send messages which are not necessary at the moment. In fact, if somebody has a nonstop use of it so they can cause headaches, brain tumors and other effects on health. Even international research has shown to us that mobile phones are damaging to health in the short or long term (George L.Carlo, Polly Thibodaux). Science and technology holds the advantages as well as disadvantages too. It may have transformed our life in modern life. Improve our way of living, public welfares, health and security. Brought many changes in our life but it has also made our life short. It has health effects like tiny size, minor the age, cause us stress, pain in ey e, etc. So we can hope from science and technology for better future but not a safe future. References P. Day Gary B. Shelly, Misty E. Vermont Adam Burgess George L. Carlo, Polly Thibodaux

Emotional, Emotional And Emotional Intelligence - 757 Words

Emotional intelligence is described as the ability for one to know and understand their own emotions as well as the emotions of others. However, understanding or knowing your emotional state is only half of the skill, one must be able to use the emotional information to guide them in there thinking and behavior towards others. As a leader we often don’t take the time to stop and recognize our current emotional state before acting on the situation. I believe this is due to the fact that our emotions and reactions are used so frequently that it becomes a natural habit, much like breathing. Everyone breathes with out ever having to think about it, but when you perform yoga you are asked to control your breathing to help relax your mind and body. Much like yoga, emotional intelligence requires one to first stop and recognize their current state, then based on the current situation, a leader must act effectively, but not in haste. Personally I think this is an area of my leaders hip that I need to work on. Within the last 6 months at my facility we hired a new CNO and during a meeting last month he did a little test on all of the leaders. He told us that an employee was hired to sit with an emotionally unstable patient all night to unsure nothing happened and that the patient didn’t leave. However during the night the employee fell asleep and patient got up out of bed and walked out of the hospital. Our CNO then asked how the group what type of disciplinary actions weShow MoreRelatedEmotional, Emotional And Emotional Intelligence1666 Words   |  7 PagesEmotional intelligence is ‘the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth’ (Mayer Salovey, 1997). Emotional Intelligence is the ability to understand, accept and recognize our own emotions and feelings, i ncluding their impact on ourselves and other people and to use this knowledge to improve our own behaviours as wellRead MoreEmotional, Emotional And Emotional Intelligence1208 Words   |  5 Pages Emotional Intelligence Explained Emotional Intelligence is the capacity to assess, identify and influence the emotions of your own and everyone around you. For an example, a employee could be having difficulty understanding the task at hand instead the manager goes to the employee and identifies the misunderstanding and instead of letting the situation make everyone stress the manager instead reiterated what needs to be done in a simpler way so everyone is clearly aware and understands what toRead MoreEmotional And Emotional Intelligence Assessment1213 Words   |  5 PagesIQ score = 65 Percentile score = 1 Emotional Identification, Perception, and Expression=65 Rumination= 100 Problem-Solving= 18 Positive Mindset= 46 Emotional Reflection = 18 Values Integrity= 68 Emotional Understanding= 47 Emotional Integration = 41 Conflict Management Knowledge= 42 Empathy= 53 Social Insight = 50 Emotional Management= 53 Impulse Control= 72 Self-Control= 26 Resilience/Hardiness= 44 Coping Skills= 88 Self-Motivation= 26 Striving=55 Emotional Selectivity = 50 Adaptable Social Skills=Read MoreEmotional Intelligence: Emotional Intelligence Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Emotional Intelligence: Emotional Intelligence, or EI, is defined as the ability or capacity to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of ones self, and of others.ï ¿ ½ Arriving at the Emotional Quotient is the standard means of measuring the Emotional Intelligence of an individual. | The importance of EQ in the workplace: In recent times behavioral scientists around the world have arrived at the conclusion that IQ alone is not the primary factor that leads to better performing managersRead MoreEmotional Intelligence1149 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence EDUCATION 2: Facilitating Learning INSTRUCTOR: Mrs. Sheryl Ann Perciano Submitted By: Hazel P. Villegas Maria Dolores L. Comighod BEED- Content Course [ II-D ] Individuals have many similar characteristics but they too differ in many respects. One of these individual differences is the intellectual differences which also refers to the intelligence. Intelligence is the general capacity of a person to adjust consciously his thinking to a new requirement. ItRead MoreEmotional Intelligence2094 Words   |  9 PagesThe Five Competencies of Emotion Intelligence With the publication of Daniel Goleman’s book Emotional Intelligence in 1995, the business world got an answer to a question that had been plaguing it for decades: â€Å"Why did some people of a high IQ struggle at managing teams while other leaders of lower IQ excel at it†? Goleman asserted that the traditional measurement of IQ (intelligence quotient) was not enough to determine a good leader. Schools and universities concentrated on developing the cognitiveRead MoreEmotional Intelligence. I View Emotional Intelligence As1238 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence I view Emotional intelligence as being able to keep my emotions in check, making sure they are appropriate, and that I am handling situations in the best emotional manner possible. Our emotional intelligence or lack there of, can significantly impact our future work relationships, and personal relationships. How we emotionally interpret information we are given and then process it for each situation we face is totally up to us. I encountered a situation last semester thatRead MoreEmotional Intelligence15079 Words   |  61 PagesAn investigation of the employee perceptions on the relationship between employee job satisfaction and the leader’s emotional intelligence among the workers of Eskom in Alice Town 1 INTRODUCTION For organisations to survive in today’s changing world they should maintain their competitive advantage through the use of the whole workforce. In order for the change to take place, the employees, and the leaders should be adaptive to the environment, effective working and the continuous improvement ofRead MoreEmotional Intelligence7706 Words   |  31 PagesESSAY No. 19: EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE This assessment pertains to my personal emotional intelligence. This assessment aims to examine the four dimensions of my emotional ability and capacity based on Tapia’s emotional intelligence inventory chart. This assessment also aims to pinpoint the strong and weak points of my personal emotional behaviors especially in my daily encounter with the people inside and outside my organization. Based on the chart my scores for the four emotional dimensions are:Read MoreEmotional Intelligence ( Eq ) And Emotional Quotient Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesBobby Lindsey Mrs. Ehlers CollegeNow Comp 151 18 September 2016 Emotional Intelligence Many people ponder about the question â€Å"What is Emotional Intelligence (EI) or Emotional Quotient (EQ) and how is it different from Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?† Many people know about Intelligence Quotient or IQ and they probably hope to have a high one, but they may not realize there is also something called EQ and it plays a role in people’s lives every day. EQ is an important concept to learn and understand

“Employee Recognition in Relation to Motivation Theories”

Abstract Employee motivation is a topic widely researched noting numerous motivational theories and concepts. Similarly there has been much discussion on the many factors that influence an employee’s level of motivation. Those factors include monetary rewards, employee involvement, training development, employee recognition programs, etc. This paper will discuss review motivational theories developed based on the concept of â€Å"needs† and other motivational philosophies, as well as discuss the correlation between the motivational theories and employee recognition. Introduction The term â€Å"motivation†, which is defined using various terminologies, is often used to describe different types of behavior. Motivation is the â€Å"internal state or the†¦show more content†¦In this positive view, McGregor identifies that employees regard work as a natural activity. (Robbins, 2005) This premise led to the belief that motivation occurs due to an individuals’ drive to satisfy their needs. McGregor identified those managers of Theory Y type employees believed that people inherently like to work. A result of this belief the manager pushes more responsibility on the employee in an attempt shape employee’s goals to align with the organization. Following the steps of Maslow and McGregor, Frederick Herzberg developed a motivational theory based on the â€Å"needs† concept. Trying to answer the question â€Å"what do people want from work†, he developed the â€Å"Two Factor† theory. (Robbins, 2005) Based up on his studies he believed that satisfaction and dissatisfaction at work arose from different factors, and was not simply opposing reactions. Hygiene needs are defined as company policy, work conditions, relationship with supervisor, and salary by Herzberg. He believed that people strive to achieve hygiene needs because without them they are unhappy, but once satisfied the effect will wear off. End result or meaning is that satisfaction is temporary. This factor indicates that people are not motivated by addressing these hygiene needs, fulfillment just appeases the individual. Herzberg’s second factor is identifying â€Å"motivators†, suggesting that individuals areShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Behavioural Theories Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pages Organisational Behavioural Theories Organisational theory is the idea and principle about how the work could be done by investigating through different perceptive. Throughout the last century, scholars, psychologists and behaviour scientists have contributed in developing of new theories for the organisations to achieve more by allocating their workers to make more productive and most of those theories did well in old times. But at the turn of the next century, thing haveRead MoreFrederick Herzbergs Theory Of Motivation And Employee Dissatisfaction959 Words   |  4 PagesTwo-Factor Theory This theory is described as the most influential theory relevant to work redesign, and it has prompted a great deal of research and inspired several successful change projects involving the redesign of work (Hackman, 1976). Frederick Herzberg’s theory of motivation is based on two factors; hygiene factors and motivators (Gulati at el., 2014). Herzberg discovered that employees tended to describe satisfying experiences in terms motivators and included things like achievement,Read MoreTypes of Motivation1118 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation is defined as the accumulation of different process which influence and direct our behavior to achieve a goal (Negussie, 2012). According to Deci, there are two broad classes of motivation, which are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. He states: â€Å"A person is intrinsically motivated if he performs an activity for no apparent reward except the activity itself. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation refers to the performanc e of an activity because it leads to external rewardsRead MoreWhat Role Would Money Play in: (a) the Hierarchy-of-Needs Theory1070 Words   |  5 Pageshierarchy-of-needs theory; (b) the motivation-hygiene theory; (c) the equity theory; and (d) the expectancy theory? Answer: A1. What role would money play in: (a) the hierarchy-of-needs theory; (b) the motivation-hygiene theory; (c) the equity theory; and (d) the expectancy theory Money plays different roles in different theories. (a) For the Hierarchy-of-needs Theory, Maslow has set upRead MoreMotivation, The, Health, And Wellness Company Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pages2.5 motivational internal - Charlotte Cowie Motivation is the will to work. This comes from the enjoyment of the work itself and/or from the desire to achieve certain goals. There are many ways in which a manager goes about increasing motivation to improve many aspects of the business such as efficiency. My chosen business to study is Nestle. Nestle is the world s leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness company. Nestlà © New Zealand is a subsidiary of Nestlà © SA, www.nestle.com. Within the New ZealandRead MoreMotivational Theories on How to Manage Employees1640 Words   |  7 PagesToday there are many different motivational theories that have shaped the organizational perspective on how to manage and motivate employees. These theories offer explanations of employee behaviors and present strategies that focus on aiding employees in achieving their potential. Due to the variety of factors that play into motivation and the complexity of the task itself, organizations will find achieving ideal performance to be a difficult tas k. Determining what motivates each individual is notRead MoreMotivation of Workers Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation of Workers Having a motivated workforce is vital for most businesses, since it can lead to higher rates of productivity, better quality output, and low rates of absenteeism and labour turnover. The main factors which affect the motivation of workers are pay levels, job security, promotional prospects, being given responsibilities, working conditions, fringe benefits, participation in decision-making and working in a team. Motivational Theories Read MoreEmployee Retention Practices And Motivation Theories865 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 3 reading was related to motivation theories and explained the employee motivation affects on employee retention. Reading, examines how developing and implementing employee retention practices create a competitive advantage. This reading provides a connection between the effective employee retention practices and motivation theories as well as how these efforts serve as a strategy to increasing organizational performance. Also, making the case for financial importance in maintaining suchRead MoreEmployee Satisfaction Variables Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesEmployee Satisfaction Variables Employee Satisfaction: Employee satisfaction is considered to be a key indicator of productivity and customer satisfaction. Employee satisfaction is a key to the success of the organization. The Companys ability to fulfill the physical, emotional, and psychological needs of its employees is employee satisfaction. Satisfaction: Satisfaction is the psychological state that indicates how a person feels about his or her situation, based on an evaluation ofRead MoreAn Article The Fortune 100 And Their Fitness And Wellness Programs1272 Words   |  6 Pagesgender equality, good and flexible work organization permitting better reconciliation of working and personal life, lifelong learning, health and safety at work, employee involvement and diversity in working life.† (2012) . In an article The Fortune 100 and their Fitness and Wellness Programs, we can find the examples of such managerial attitude. For instance, Walmart provides its 1.1 million associates and family members with health care plans with access to affordable, comprehensive medical coverage

Sociology and Air Force Essay - 1046 Words

SOCIO-AUTOBIOGRAPHY CHRISTOPHER PERSING February 9, 2014 PROFESSOR J. JOHNSON The older and more grounded I become in the middle age phase of my life, the more aware I am of the person I have become and how the choices made both myself and my family have formed what is known as â€Å"My Life†. My family traditions, upbringing and values have influenced my biological, cultural views and values allowing me to formulate a life, principles, and a family similar in some aspects to my family, who raised me, while other aspects are astoundingly different. With my life and career goals very different from that of my parents’ lives and their expectations these influences by class, culture, and ethical teachings are†¦show more content†¦To further monopolize more of my mothers’ time, she felt it necessary to play her maternal roll and had a fifth child nine years later. (TCO 1, 2, 3, 4,5) Growing older through my adolescent and teen years and trying to escape the shadows of three older brothers and a younger sister, I forged the wrong path academically, while looking for acceptance from peers which usually resulted with hanging with the wrong crowd. I fortunately developed good work ethic and habits because my father insisted we all work during the summer months to minimize the possibility of, kids being kids, and me getting into trouble. Upon graduating high school, by the skin of my teeth, I entered the Air Force. The Air Force hierarchy and structure reinforced and further instilled society’s views of conformity through rules and regulations. Protocols such as, the â€Å"Military Chain of Command†, allowed me to mature and changed my very sheltered views of society altering my perspective of society both national and globally. (TCO 3,4,5,6) My new travels, endeavors and encounters, throughout the world, during my military years opened my eyes to the gender, religious and racial discrimination people encounter. These views and encounters I experienced further engrained in me that if I wanted more out of life for myself, or for that matter my family later in life, I would have to have my own business. In doing this it, would afford me the ability to prosper in a capitalistic society andShow MoreRelatedSociology and the Education System in America Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pages The definition of Sociology is that it is the study of human societies through the synthesis of theoretical analysis and controlled research, focusing on the social patterns and forces that influence humans. The study of sociology is the issues, concepts, investigations, and more importantly, the systematic study of relationships among people. 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Marketing Consumer Behaviour Of Organization - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Consumer Behaviour Of Organization. Answer: Introduction Consumer behaviour is a vital aspect of marketing and needs to be understood in the broader terms. It is the study regarding approaches or factors guiding decision making in the target customer segment. It is necessary to understand the driving factors behind particular customer choices over others. This helps in the development of suitable action strategy for pitching a product right. The analysis of the consumer behaviour not only helps in analysing the past but also helps on predicting the future. The factors influencing customer choices could be divided into a number of components such as- geographic, demographic, psychological and behavioural. In the current report we have tried to relate the importance of consumer behaviour within the business prospects. For the discussion of the report we have taken into consideration Square and compass which is a Melbourne based coffee and food restaurant ("Square Compass", 2018). Consumer behaviour The decisions and actions which influence the purchasing behaviour of a target customer base is known as consumer behaviour. Most of the selection process is backed by emotions and reasoning. Some of the most common factors influencing consumer choices and decision making are economic conditions, personal preferences, opinions of peers. Economic condition serves as a guiding factor in dictating consumer choices. As commented by Chung et al. ( 2017), the capacity of making purchases is often restricted by poor or limited economy. Therefore, indulging in an espresso which costs anywhere between 4-5 dollars may not be a convenient option where the family is looking out for a cheap grocery. As argued by Kerins et al. (2017), personal preferences often govern the customer choices and behaviour while choosing over a range of products and services. For example, a person simply love espresso over simple black coffee and may choose the same irrespective of the prices. As argued by Astuti Hanan (2016), the opinions of the peers are also important in choosing particular products or services. As commented by Chung et al. (2017), negative publicity about brand or its services can also prevent the maximum sales of the services. Additionally, the dependency on social media for collecting reviews about products and services provides a much wide forum for the consumers; where they are exposed to the opinions of others which further goes into making the purchase plan. There are a number of theories guiding consumer behaviour such as theory of reasoned action; Engel, kollet, Blackwell (EKB) model; Hawkins stern impulse buying behaviour. The theory of reasoned action states that the customer will only plan to indulge in particular products and services when they can expect a positive outcome out of it. As commented by Yeboah Owusu-Prempeh (2017), the consumers are the rational actors who choose to acts in their best interests. However, as argued by Alphonce, Alfnes Sharma (2014), from the time of decision making to the actual purchase time the consumer have the propensity to change their mind about using specific purchases. The EKB model further expands the theory of reasoned action which explains the selective approach of the customers while making the purchases. The first step is where the customer collects sufficient data about particular services before processing of the information. As commented by Lo, Wu, Law Au (2014), the costumers move into decision making phase based on rationale. The decision making is also influenced by process variables including the after satisfaction rate of the customers after making the purchase. With respect to the current scenario the theory of impulse buying can be highlighted. As commented by Gelbric, Roschk Gafeeva (2016), impulse purchases are driven by external stimulus and have no relation with traditional aspects of decision making. For example placing an order for medium sized pizzas worth rupees 199 at dominos a taco Mexicana is offered free which is quite an indulging deal. Additionally, offering of attractive coupons, discounts such as cashback on every purchase at a food court are some of the marketing gimmick that can appeal to the impulses of individual customers. Importance of consumer behaviour for organizations The marketers can use the theory in their favour where they can associate a purchase with a specific and positive outcome. The theory of reasoned action also helps the marketers in understanding that longer the gap between the initial desire and making the actual purchase the more are the chances of losing the customer (Kerins et al., 2017). With respect to the EKB model the marketers need to provide the customers with sufficient information regarding the products. This helps in keeping the products under consideration for purchase. For example a restaurant in order to attract maximum number of customers would need to invest in marketing gimmicks and advertisements. Here, the sumptuous meals prepared by the restaurant can be pitched to the customers based upon the feel and culture of the specific region. This is help in attracting maximum number of customers to the restaurant time and again. The consumer behaviour is highly important with respect to an organization. The focus on consumer help in developing the business practices. As commented by Aday Yener (2014), consumer behaviour is highly complex and dynamic in nature. During the process of buying a product or selecting services the consumer go through a number of psychological processes in their mind which dictate their actual purchase behaviour. As argued by Gelbrich, Roschk, Gafeeva (2016), the personality traits are also imperative in guiding the decision making approaches. The pragmatic people would purchase what is useful and necessary. With respect to a restaurant selling food one can say that the pragmatic people will choose a basic and healthy meal than a luxurious and sumptuous meal. An aesthetically inclined customer will be drawn towards the look of the product than its contents. However as argued by Wikstrm, , Williams, Verghese Clune (2014), it is difficult to convince the intellectually inclined cus tomers to buy out a certain product. As they mostly want to know regarding the benefits of the product or collect much knowledge regarding the positive reviews associated associated with the product before they could make the purchase. A huge part of their mentality is affected by peer responses. Therefore, the organization needs to develop a positive image about itself. Recent studies have established that the consumer takes less than 20 minutes time in deciding about the products or services that they want to buy (Gelbric, Roschk Gafeeva, 2016). Therefore, the marketers need to be selective as well as line up maximum diversity in promoting their services. Additionally, 58% of the purchases are unplanned which means that maximum time the customers are buying more out of impulses than out of needs (Aday Yener, 2014). Therefore, understanding the decision making approaches of the customer will help in maximization of the sale and the profit margins. Consumer profile The profile of a customer helps in describing the target customer segments categorically so that they can be grouped for advertising and marketing purposes. The services and products can be tailor made to satisfy individual needs and demands. As commented by Ye, Cronin Peloza (2015), before pitching of the products it is necessary to design suitable customer profile. The consumers of the square and compass restaurant have been identified based on a number of features such as preference, lifestyle, stage of life, attribute and traits. The customer profile can be further divided into primary and secondary segments. Primary segment The primary segment refers to the target market from where majority of the revenue from sales could be extracted. It focuses on marketing efforts where maximum amount of returns could be obtained. Geographic The primary target customer for the square and compass restaurant are the residents of East Melbourne Demographic They are mostly customers within age group of 18-30. Psychographic An overall positive opinion about the square and compass restaurant attracts the maximum number of customers. Additionally, the contemporary feel of the place attracts huge number of youth customers Behavioural The customers mostly within the young age group have been seen to be impulsive buyers and are aesthetic buyers who choose a product over their looks and feel than health benefits or nutritional value. Table 1: Primary segment target customers (Source: author) Figure 1: primary customer segment (Source Lo, Wu,Law, R Au, 2014) Analysis: The residents of the East Melbourne form the primary market consumers which could be attributed to feasibility of location ("Square Compass", 2018). The suitable and convenient location of the square and compass restaurant on the Clarendon Street makes it one of the most visited restaurants. Additionally, the place is mostly visited by the youth owing to its contemporary feel and look. The open spaces and the plenty of activities available make it one of the favourite hangout places for the youth. The aesthetic feel of the place also attracts huge number of target customer. The segmentation is further based upon the four Ps of marketing which are product, price, place and promotion. The promotions of the product, the prices as well as the location are some of the major contributors (Namkung Jang, 2017). Since the customer profile hitting the square and compass restaurant are mostly youths or young adults, price as well as place of the business outlet are some of the governing facto rs (Kang, Jun Arendt, 2015). Secondary segment Geographic The secondary target market is located within greater Melbourne and adjacent areas. Demographic They are mostly customers within the age group of 33-65. Psychographic Opinion of peers or reviews collected from social media sites influence the buying behaviour of the secondary target customer base. Behavioural The manner of making choices is influenced by the peer opinions. The nature of selection is guided by intellectual abilities where the health and nutritional aspects are taken into consideration before making a purchase. Table 2: secondary segment target customers (Source : author) Figure 2 : market segmentation (Source : Alphonce, R., Alfnes, F., Sharma, 2014) Analysis: The secondary target market consists of the ones residing in greater Melbourne and adjacent areas. These customers fall within the age group of 33-65 and mostly hit the place based upon the reviews and opinions of their peers and the collective reviews over the social media sites ("Square Compass", 2018). Since the customers fall within the middle age group they apply intellectual abilities in making the purchase decisions (Oliver, 2014). These are based upon collective reviews of peers and the amount of positive publicity done regarding the square and compass restaurant. Therefore, the promotional aspects form a very important component of business growth and profitability. Therefore, the management at the square and compass restaurant need to focus upon the marketing gimmicks where promotion of the sumptuous menu choices offered by the restaurant can be done over apps such as Zomato. Additionally, a link to the menu of the restaurant has also been pasted over their facebook and in stagram pages. Issue identification Some of the issues which have been found with respect to the square and compass restaurant situated in Melbourne are threats from similar market players in a highly competitive market. Additionally, labour and shortage in the number of international chefs are affecting the productivity of the Australian restaurants at large scale (Sethna Blythe, 2016). The square and compass restaurant stands at no exception. One of the dominant issues which are faced by the square and compass restaurant apart from cut-throat competition and labour shortage is the lack of adequate finances. In the lack of finances managing the day-to day operations of the restaurant becomes difficult (Lehman, Kovcs Carroll, 2014). Additionally, the entry of new restaurateurs in the emerging market scenario puts excessive pressure on the existing ones. The new entrants could come out with marketing gimmicks which may affect important parameters such as customer loyalty. Conclusion The square and compass restaurant constantly needs to renew its services and policies to attract the maximum number of customer base. Additionally, focusing upon the consumer buyer behaviour helps in improving the business sense and ethics. This further helps in expanding the future customer profile. Moreover, economy, personal preferences, opinions of the peers are further instrumental in affecting the customer buying behaviour and approaches. In addition the geographic, demographic, psychologic and behavioural aspects further govern the decision making. Additionally, promotions and strategic planning are some of the other aspects which can help in expanding the target market based upon customer preferences. References Aday, M. S., Yener, U. (2014). Understanding the buying behaviour of young consumers regarding packaging attributes and labels.International journal of consumer studies,38(4), 385-393. DOI: 10.1111/ijcs.12105 Alphonce, R., Alfnes, F., Sharma, A. (2014). Consumer vs. citizen willingness to pay for restaurant food safety.Food Policy,49, 160-166. Retreived from : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.06.009 Astuti, S., Hanan, H. (2016). The Behaviour of Consumer Society in Consuming Food at Restaurants and Cafes.Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies,1(1), 71-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v1i1.173 Chung, N., Chung, N., Song, H. G., Song, H. G., Lee, H., Lee, H. (2017). Consumers impulsive buying behavior of restaurant products in social commerce.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,29(2), 709-731. Retreived from : https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2015-0608 Gelbrich, K., Roschk, H., Gafeeva, R. (2016). A Cross-National Observation of Counter-Cultural Consumer Behaviour.Marketing ZFP,38(3), 150-162. DOI: 10.15358/0344-1369-2016-3-150 Kang, J., Jun, J., Arendt, S. W. (2015). Understanding customers healthy food choices at casual dining restaurants: Using the ValueAttitudeBehavior model.International Journal of Hospitality Management,48, 12-21. Retreived from : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.04.005 Kerins, C., Cunningham, K., Finucane, F. M., Gibson, I., Jones, J., Kelly, C. (2017). Effects of an icon-based menu labelling initiative on consumer food choice.Perspectives in public health,137(1), 45-52. Retreived from : https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1757913916640826 Lehman, D. W., Kovcs, B., Carroll, G. R. (2014). Conflicting social codes and organizations: Hygiene and authenticity in consumer evaluations of restaurants. Management Science,60(10), 2602-2617. Retreived from : https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1903 Lo, A., Wu, J., Law, R., Au, N. (2014). Which promotion time frame works best for restaurant group-buying deals?.Tourism Recreation Research,39(2), 203-219. Retreived from : https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2014.11081767 Namkung, Y., Jang, S. (2017). Are consumers willing to pay more for green practices at restaurants?.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,41(3), 329-356. Retreived from : https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1096348014525632?journalCode=jhtd Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Abingdon: Routledge, pp.225-351. Retreived from : https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=TzrfBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Oliver,+R.+L.+(2014).+Satisfaction:+A+behavioral+perspective+on+the+consumer.++Routledge.ots=LpMAhOReSvsig=c9QrUvHKwx3ZXDvGlvNOhlVXDyY#v=onepageqf=false Sethna, Z., Blythe, J. (2016).Consumer behaviour. London:Sage, pp. 127-236. Retreived from : https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=xcvBDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Sethna,+Z.,+%26+Blythe,+J.+(2016).+Consumer+behaviour.+Sage.ots=xQlZDbJuXfsig=4IHOTk7h73kFZB1kxCM2nKp4bRo#v=onepageq=Sethna%2C%20Z.%2C%20%26%20Blythe%2C%20J.%20(2016).%20Consumer%20behaviour.%20Sage.f=false Squareandcompass.com.au. Retrieved 8 January 2018, from https://squareandcompass.com.au/ Wikstrm, F., Williams, H., Verghese, K., Clune, S. (2014). The influence of packaging attributes on consumer behaviour in food-packaging life cycle assessment studies-a neglected topic.Journal of Cleaner Production,73, 100-108. Retreived from : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.042 Ye, C., Cronin, J. J., Peloza, J. (2015). The role of corporate social responsibility in consumer evaluation of nutrition information disclosure by retail restaurants.Journal of Business Ethics,130(2), 313-326. Retreived from : https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-014-2230-8 Yeboah, A., Owusu-Prempeh, V. (2017). Exploring the Consumer Impulse Buying Behaviour from a Range of Consumer and Product Related Factors.International Journal of Marketing Studies,9(2), 146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n2p146Square Compass. (2018).